False (or biased) memory: Emotion and working memory capacity effects in the DRM paradigm

Yüvrük, Elif; Kapucu, Aycan

doi:10.3758/s13421-022-01298-y

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 104 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, individuals may recognize more words as "old" when the word is negative, irrespective of whether the item was related to lists or not. This explanation is in line with prior research stating that negative valence increases response bias to negative items, rather than false memories (e.g., Budson et al, 2006;Yüvrük & Kapucu, 2022). Second, arousal showed significant moderating effects contrary to the expected direction when the primary recall analysis favored the null hypothesis (i.e., elevated arousal in negative lists further decreased false memories in negative valence, vs. neutral).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The effect of negative valence on false memory formation in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm: A preregistered meta-analysis and preregistered replication.

Wiechert,

Proost,

Simoens

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Participants in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm learn lists of words (e.g., bed, tired) associated with a nonpresented lure (i.e., sleep). In subsequent memory tests, individuals tend to report the nonlearned lures, that is, exhibiting false memories. Priorly, the DRM task has been criticized for not capturing the aversive nature of (clinically and forensically relevant) real-life memories. To obtain a robust estimate of the influence of negative versus neutral word lists on the DRM effect, we conducted both a preregistered meta-analysis (k recall = 49, n recall = 2,209, k recognition = 75, n recognition = 3,008, k responsebias = 31, n responsebias = 1,128) and replication (n final = 278) predicting increased false memories for negative valence in recall and recognition. For recall, we found significant frequentist evidence in the meta-analysis for a reversed valence effect (d = −0.18, i.e., reduced false memories for negative content vs. neutral), whereas the replication displayed null results (d = 0.03). For recognition, both the meta-analysis (d = 0.23) and replication (d = 0.35) showed that negative valence (vs. neutral) increased false memories. However, this effect may be confounded by shifts in response tendencies as controlling for response bias nullified the valence effect in our meta-analysis (d meta = 0.05), and we found evidence for differential response bias in our replication (d replica = 0.39). Hence, the effect of valence on false memory reports in the DRM may not represent a systematic difference in emotional information but instead depend on how memory is tested, and be partly attributable to differential response tendencies. Public Significance StatementUnderlined by both meta-analytic and replication study results, this article strongly indicates that negatively valanced word lists (vs. neutral) within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm increase false memory report in recognition, but not in recall tests. This differentiation may be partly attributable to a response criterion shift for negative valence (vs. neutral) in recognition-like investigation, rather than sole memory differences.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The effect of negative valence on false memory formation in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm: A preregistered meta-analysis and preregistered replication.

Wiechert,

Proost,

Simoens

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, to what extent this increase in false alarm rates can be driven by decision biases versus memory processes had yet to be well investigated. Indeed, some previous ROC-based research has questioned these mechanisms and suggested that increased false alarms can be linked to the increased liberal response bias for emotional stimuli (Dougal & Rotello, 2007; Kapucu et al, 2008; Yüvrük & Kapucu, 2022). Still, although ROC analysis can help researchers measure memory discriminability independently of response bias, it also fails to separate response bias from decision bias due to measuring bias after decision process ends and a response has been made (White & Poldrack, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their modelling work has provided evidence that “remember” judgements arise from increased misleading familiarity information for negative emotional stimuli rather than true recollection, and this conclusion was supported by data from both age groups. Indeed, extensive research has demonstrated robust shifts in response bias to emotional compared with neutral stimuli, regardless of differences in memory accuracy (Dougal & Rotello, 2007; Kapucu et al, 2008; Thapar & Rouder, 2009; White et al, 2014; Yüvrük & Kapucu, 2022).…”

Section: Emotion Effects On Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Deese-Roediger and McDermott (DRM) paradigm, participants tend to make faster "old" responses to negative than positive lures regardless of whether or not the lure items are associated with the studied words (Norris et al, 2019). Similarly, Yüvrük and Kapucu (2022) have found that "old" judgements were expedited to emotional (both negative and positive) words regardless of whether they were actually old or new. Considering the findings by Dougal and Rotello (2007) on "increased sense of recollection," emotional (especially negative) items seem to expedite "old" judgements due to increased persuasive misleading familiarity information for lures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Some previous studies have shown that positive and negative emotional stimuli have comparable effects on memory (Bradley et al, 1992;Dolcos & Cabeza, 2002;Kensinger et al, 2002), while many others have drawn a somewhat different conclusion such that negative stimuli (especially those with high arousal) increase the likelihood of having more accurate and vivid memories than positive and neutral ones (Charles et al, 2003;Dewhurst & Parry, 2000;Kapucu, 2010;Talmi et al, 2007;Yüvrük & Kapucu, 2022). These memory benefits for negative emotional stimuli may be explained by the greater use of a recollection process, which is often assessed by the Remember/ Know paradigm (Tulving, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does misremembering drive false alarms for emotional lures? A diffusion model investigation

Yüvrük

Starns

Kapucu

2022

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous evidence has shown that, in a recognition memory task, emotion leads participants to make more false alarms and decreases response times (RTs) for false alarm responses. This pattern could arise because participants adopt more liberal responding for emotional stimuli and/or because emotional lures are more likely than neutral lures to produce misleading memory retrieval. Recently, Starns et al. (2018) designed a new recognition memory paradigm and found that the speed of memory errors shows the influence of misleading information resulting in unavoidable memory errors. This study investigates the basis of false alarms to emotional lures by testing predictions of the diffusion model for a recognition paradigm similar to Starns et al. (2018). Participants studied lists of emotional words and then completed an old-new recognition memory test. After each old-new decision, participants were asked to make a forced-choice recognition decision that provided a chance to correct possible errors on the preceding old-new decision. Under the assumption that emotion promotes misremembering, the diffusion model predicts that forced-choice accuracy should be lower for pairs with emotional versus neutral lures and that faster old-new errors should be associated with lower forced-choice accuracy. The present study tested these predictions, providing theoretical insights into how emotion affects memory retrieval and further developing a new methodology for measuring recognition performance.

show abstract

Investigating a bias account of emotional false memories using a criterion warning and force choice restrictions at retrieval

Cooper,

Shah,

Moucharik

et al. 2024

Cognition and Emotion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

False (or biased) memory: Emotion and working memory capacity effects in the DRM paradigm

Cited by 6 publications

References 104 publications

The effect of negative valence on false memory formation in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm: A preregistered meta-analysis and preregistered replication.

The effect of negative valence on false memory formation in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm: A preregistered meta-analysis and preregistered replication.

Does misremembering drive false alarms for emotional lures? A diffusion model investigation

Investigating a bias account of emotional false memories using a criterion warning and force choice restrictions at retrieval

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About