False-Positive Calcifications and Radiation Dose in Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Using Iterative Reconstruction on The Basis of a Noise Threshold

Abstract

Radiation dose from cardiac CT seems to be underestimated. To determine the effect of iterative reconstruction in coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring on false positive lesions and radiation dose using a noise threshold. Noise-based thresholds have been previously suggested to reduce false positive lesions in lower dose protocols. In 388 matched pairs of patients we performed CAC scoring using a 320-row CT-scanner with standard dose filtered backprojection (FBP) and lower dose iterative reconstruction (IR). Dose modulation was based on a noise threshold. Radiation dose, image quality and extent of false-positive calcifications were obtained. IR versus FBP showed a reduced dose length product (median 61 versus 74; p< 0.001), less noise (median SD 14.71 versus 18.07; p< 0.001) and higher signal-to-noise ratio (median 4.01 versus 3.14; p< 0.001). Using IR in 388 patients, a low quantity of false-positive calcifications was found in 302 patients, a moderate quantity in 76 patients and a high quantity in 10 patients, while using FBP, the corresponding distribution of patients was 79, 175 and 134 (p<0.001). In this clinical setting we confirm the observation of a phantom study that CAC scoring using iterative reconstruction and a noise threshold is effective for the reduction of radiation dose.

Artificial Intelligence in Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring

“…Multiple studies have demonstrated the superiority of iterative reconstruction (IR) over filtered back projection (FBP) for noise reduction during image reconstruction [ 39 , 40 ]. One study showed decreased radiation dose, higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and fewer false positive calcifications with low-dose iterative reconstruction by establishing noise thresholds; low-dose IR exhibited better performance than filtered back projection [ 41 ]. Furthermore, DL-based image reconstruction (DLIR) may be an even better alternative to IR and FBP.…”