Familial and sporadic insulin-dependent diabetes: evidence for heterogeneous etiologies?

Long-term risk of IDDM in first-degree relatives of patients with IDDM

“…We found that the probands in the present study were older at the time of diagnosis (22 years) compared to other studies [12,13,15,19,21,23,24,30,33]. One obvious reason might be the inclusion criteria.…”

“…Epidemiological studies may be helpful in increasing our understanding of IDDM and are essential for generation of preventive and interventive strategies aimed at the eradication of the disease. When studying familial aggregation of Received: 14 July 1993 and in revised form: 13 October 1993Corresponding author: Dr. J.Nerup, Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, DenmarkAbbreviations: IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; SE, standard error.IDDM the composition and representativeness of the study population are obviously important for allowing direct comparisons between results from different regions and centres.Several studies have reported the prevalence of IDDM patients having affected first-degree relatives within a range of 5 to 19 % [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, many of these studies are not directly comparable, primarily due to methodological differences.…”

“…Several studies have reported the prevalence of IDDM patients having affected first-degree relatives within a range of 5 to 19 % [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, many of these studies are not directly comparable, primarily due to methodological differences.…”

“…However, many of these studies are not directly comparable, primarily due to methodological differences. Often, the study populations comprised only children or adolescent probands [13,15,18,19,21,24], were designed as incidence studies [15,16,18], had short follow-up periods and/or only two generations were studied. In addition, marked differences in incidence rates of IDDM between racial groups and countries have been reported [15,[25][26][27][28] and may be partly responsible for the variation in the results.…”

Preferential transmission of type 1 diabetes from parents to offspring: fact or artifact?

“…By direct estimation of the recurrence risks in offspring of parents with T1D, it has been shown that the offspring of affected fathers are more likely to develop T1D than those of affected mothers [Warram et al, 1984;Tuomilehto et al, 1995]. These findings seem to have been validated by family-history studies of children with T1D and their parents, which have demonstrated that the prevalence of paternal T1D in families with at least one child with T1D is significantly higher than the prevalence of maternal T1D [Degnbol et al, 1978;Wagener et al, 1982;Dahlquist et al, 1982;Jefferson et al, 1985;Gavard et al, 1989;O'Leary et al, 1991;Tuomilehto et al, 1992;Metcalfe and Baum, 1992;Pociot et al, 1993;Lorenzen et al, 1994]. A summary of studies, by no means exhaustive, that support such a preferential transmission in T1D is given in Table I.…”