Familial Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Case Control Study

Keetch, David W.; Rice, John P.; Suarez, Brian K.; Catàlona, William J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66705-3

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…African American mortality rates (6.7 per 100,000) have been about 3 times that among whites (2.6 per 100,000), which is also primarily attributed to the excess incidence of cervix cancer among African American women age 65 and over (3). Between 1973 and 1991, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer decreased for both African Americans and whites by 55 Although the incidence and mortality rates associated with prostate cancer are higher among African Americans than whites in the United States, there are wide variations in the incidence of prostate cancer among African populations (47). In Nigeria and the Caribbean, prostate cancer incidence is much lower than among African Americans.…”

Section: Uterine Cervixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hospital-based study found a 2-fold elevated risk among men who had a father or brother with carcinoma of the prostate (55 diagnosed with this type of cancer than among whites (Tables 3,4). The higher incidence among whites is primarily due to excess localized tumors, whereas the incidence of more advanced tumors is similar among both racial groups (60).…”

Section: Uterine Cervixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival between African Americans and Whites

Walker¹,

Figgs²,

Zahm³

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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This report highlights selected evidence of different cancer patterns among African Americans and whites and considers potential risk factors associated with these cancers. During the years 1987 to 1991, African Americans experienced higher incidence and mortality rates than whites for multiple myeloma and for cancers of the oropharynx, colorectum, lung and bronchus, cervix, and prostate. African Americans had lower incidence and mortality for cancer of the urinary bladder. The incidence of breast cancer was higher among white women, but mortality was higher among African American women. Five-year relative survival for the period 1983 to 1990 was generally lower among African Americans than whites for cancers of the oropharynx, colorectum, cervix, prostate, and female breast but slightly higher for multiple myeloma. From 1973 to 1991, there were significant declines in cervical cancer incidence among women of both races, oropharyngeal cancer mortality among whites, and bladder cancer mortality for whites and African Americans. Risk factors for the more prominent cancers suggest that efforts aimed at changing lifestyles, achieving socioeconomic parity, and insuring environmental equity are likely to relieve African Americans of much of their disproportionate cancer burden. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 8): 275-281 (1995)

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Section: Uterine Cervixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uterine Cervixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival between African Americans and Whites

Walker¹,

Figgs²,

Zahm³

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of prostate cancer is increased two-to threefold for male first-degree relatives of men with prostate cancer. Many of them have indicated that the risk may be higher for brothers than for sons of men with prostate cancer (Hayes et al, 1995;Keetch et al, 1995;Monroe et al, 1995;Narod et al, 1995;Whittemore et al, 1995;Lesko et al, 1996;Schaid et al, 1998;Bratt et al, 1999). These findings led to the hypothesis that prostate cancer susceptibility may be transmitted by X-linked or recessive inheritance in some families (Monroe et al, 1995), and recently a prostate cancer susceptibility gene was located to the long arm of the X chromosome (Xu et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is related to age at diagnosis of prostate cancer and response to endocrine therapy, but not to prostate cancer risk

et al. 1999

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SummaryThe length of the polymorphic CAG repeat in the N-terminal of the androgen receptor (AR) gene is inversely correlated with the transactivation function of the AR. Some studies have indicated that short CAG repeats are related to higher risk of prostate cancer. We performed a case-control study to investigate relations between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk, tumour grade, tumour stage, age at diagnosis and response to endocrine therapy. The study included 190 AR alleles from prostate cancer patients and 186 AR alleles from female control subjects. All were whites from southern Sweden. The frequency distribution of CAG repeat length was strikingly similar for cases and controls, and no significant correlation between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk was detected. However, for men with non-hereditary prostate cancer (n = 160), shorter CAG repeats correlated with younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.03). There were also trends toward associations between short CAG repeats and high grade (P = 0.07) and high stage (P = 0.07) disease. Furthermore, we found that patients with long CAG repeats responded better to endocrine therapy, even after adjusting for pretreatment level of prostate-specific antigen and tumour grade and stage (P = 0.05). We conclude that short CAG repeats in the AR gene correlate with young age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, but not with higher risk of the disease. Selection of patients with early onset prostate cancer in case-control studies could therefore lead to an over-estimation of the risk of prostate cancer for men with short CAG repeats. An association between long CAG repeats and good response to endocrine therapy was also found, but the mechanism and clinical relevance are unclear.

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“…1,11 However, the two well-known risk factors for developing prostate cancer are increased aging and the presence of gonadal androgenic hormones. 1 Other factors recently studied include hereditary and familial factors (genetic predisposition), [20][21][22] African-American descent, [23][24][25][26] high-fat diet, 1,27 smoking and alcohol intake, 1,28 sexual relationships and prior vasectomy, 1 and vitamin D deficiency. It has been shown that the use of a combination of DRE, PSA and TRUS yields the best prostate cancer detection rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate Cancer: Experience at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah

Mosli

1997

Ann Saudi Med

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This paper presents the experience of King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with prostatic cancer patients seen over a period of more than ten years (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997). Fifty-five patients with confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer were identified at KAUH during this period. Forty-seven presented primarily to KAUH and eight were referred from other centers for management and/or follow-up. Data analyzed included age at presentation, ethnic origin, mode of presentation, result of digital rectal examination (DRE), results of serum tumor markers, prostatic acid phosphatase, or prostatic specific antigen (PSA), results of transrectal ultrasonographic scan of the prostate (TRUS), methods and results of prostate biopsy, pathological grade of the cancer tissues, the clinical staging, and finally the type of treatment used. The average age at presentation was 68.8 years. Forty-one patients were white, six were black and the ethnic origin was not determined in eight patients. The main clinical presentation was by symptoms of prostatism in 36 patients (65%). DRE revealed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in 31 patients (56%) and suspicion of cancer in 24 (44%). Of the patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 27 had PSA measurements, elevated above 20 ng/mL in 17 (63%). The tissues were obtained from the prostate by needle biopsy in 30 patients (transperineal approach in 17 and TRUS-guided in 13 patients), prostatectomy in 17 patients (open in one, and transurethral prostatic resection in 16 patients), and unspecified method in eight patients. TRUS performed on 18 patients showed hypoechoic nodules indicative of cancer in 11 patients and BPH or normal in seven patients. Clinical staging revealed 15 (27%) in stage A, 5 (9%) in stage B, 5 (9%) in stage C and 30 (55%) in stage D. During this period no retropubic radical prostatectomy operation aimed at curing localized prostate cancer was performed at KAUH, while bilateral orchiectomy for control of metastatic disease was done for 12 patients, and 18 patients received endocrine therapy. Ann Saudi Med 1997; 17(6):590-594.

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Familial Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Case Control Study

Abstract: Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at a significantly increased risk for prostate cancer, especially if the affected relative had early onset of cancer. Prostate cancer does not seem to be associated with a higher incidence of other cancers in family members.

Cited by 81 publications

References 10 publications

Differences in Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival between African Americans and Whites

Differences in Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival between African Americans and Whites

CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is related to age at diagnosis of prostate cancer and response to endocrine therapy, but not to prostate cancer risk

Prostate Cancer: Experience at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah

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