Familial Attendance at Indian Residential School and Subsequent Involvement in the Child Welfare System Among Indigenous Adults Born During the Sixties Scoop Era

Bombay, Amy; McQuaid, Robyn J.; Young, Janelle; Sinha, Vandna; Currie, Vanessa; Anisman, Hymie; Matheson, Kimberly

doi:10.7202/1068363ar

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The legacies of residential schools documented in the TRC's work have attracted considerable academic study and have been framed as experiences of 'Historical Trauma' (HT) leading to 'Historical Trauma Responses' and intergenerational effects (Bombay et al, 2009(Bombay et al, , 2019(Bombay et al, , 2020Brave Heart, 2003;Evans-Campbell, 2008;Fast & Collin-Vézina, 2019;Whitbeck et al, 2004). Conceptualized in this manner, the schools may be understood as a massive group trauma deliberately perpetrated upon Indigenous people by the state with purposeful and destructive intent, affecting large numbers of people over the generations (Evans-Campbell, 2008).…”

Section: Reconciliation and The Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk, rights and deservedness: Navigating the tensions of Gladue, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and settler colonialism in Canadian courts

Dickson

Stewart

2021

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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In 2008, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada engaged in a public project of national reconciliation to address the ongoing impacts of settler colonialism including the disproportionate number of Indigenous adults and youth who are held in remand facilities awaiting trial or sentence as well as those who are convicted and sentenced to periods of incarceration. Efforts to further reconciliation by reducing Indigenous incarceration rates have relied largely on the courts and their application of a sentencing principle rooted in the Supreme Court's ruling in R. v. Gladue [1999] 1 SCR 688. In this article, we argue that the Gladue sentencing principle is being fundamentally undermined in the courts through risk models that actively displace the very context that Gladue reports seek to illuminate. Included in the analysis are the compounding impacts facing Indigenous individuals struggling with a complex disability like Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

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Section: Reconciliation and The Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk, rights and deservedness: Navigating the tensions of Gladue, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and settler colonialism in Canadian courts

Dickson

Stewart

2021

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…The genocide of forced displacement, exposure to illness, and cultural disorganization by the colonizers are repeated in the injuries and death rates of American Indian and other indigenous peoples. Forced assimilation through removal of children from family homes and placement in boarding schools has been replaced by contemporary child welfare services that separate native children from their families, communities, and cultures (Bombay et al, 2020). In the process, the oppression is passed down as spiritual injury, soul sickness, and soul wounding.…”

Section: Family Violence In Selected Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Violence in Context: An Intergenerational Systemic Model

Southern

Sullivan

2021

The Family Journal

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Family violence represents a major public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violent families engage in child maltreatment or intimate partner violence in response to horizontal stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and vertical stressors, including events in the family life cycle and changes in cultural contexts. Although family violence is often considered an individual problem, solutions require close examination of family structure, dynamics, and competence. The Beavers Systems Model for Family Functioning identified family groupings at risk of family violence. An emerging perspective on intergenerational transmission of violence from childhood neglect and abuse to elder abuse accounts for the accumulation of adverse childhood experiences and increasing risk of victimization or perpetration. An intergenerational systemic model identifies multiple contexts and levels for evaluating and treating family violence over the life span. Early identification and intervention facilitate prevention and rehabilitation. As families transcend adversity, they are able to realize post-traumatic growth and resilience. Recommendations for applications of the model are offered.

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“…Current estimates of the number of Indigenous children in care in Canada exceed the number of Indigenous children who attended residential school threefold (Bombay et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Child Welfare Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The high rates of family disruption in Indigenous families from residential schools and the child welfare system are strongly linked to suicide risk (Nelson & Wilson, 2017). The excessive psychological stress caused by child apprehensions, the severance of kinship and cultural ties, the emotional upheaval and identity confusion caused by being moved from home to home as designated wards of the state, constitute causal factors for Indigenous youth suicide Children who were removed from their home communities and sent away to school, or who were taken from their families and placed with non-Indigenous families that did not recognize the need for cultural sensitivity when interacting with Indigenous children, experienced traumatic effects (Bombay et al, 2020;McQuaid et al, 2017;Wilk et al, 2017).…”

Section: The Child Welfare Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These individuals were also more likely to have grown up in a dysfunctional home, where one or both parents used alcohol, spent time in prison, or had attempted/completed suicide (Bombay et al, 2020). Indigenous people who have aged out of the child welfare system are consequently more likely to have their own children removed and brought in to the care of the child welfare system, thereby perpetuating the cycle of intergenerational trauma.…”

Section: The Child Welfare Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indigenous Youth Suicide

Harder¹,

Rash²,

Holyk³

et al.

Routledge International Handbook of Clinical Suicide Research

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Indigenous youth suicide is a grave concern among Indigenous communities in Canada. While suicide rates for non-Indigenous Canadians have decreased, the suicide rate for Indigenous youth remains three to four times higher than the national average (Young et al., 2016). The need for effective interventions to prevent Indigenous youth suicide is uncontested. Despite this need, the effectiveness of interventions for Indigenous youth suicide remain mixed. The most common approaches, informed by a Western lens, have demonstrated limited success. Practical alternatives are being developed, based on Indigenous worldview and recent interventions developed by Indigenous people for Indigenous youth, families, and communities. These culturally informed, culturally safe grassroots approaches described herein, highlight cultural and community-based interventions for Indigenous communities. Through a critical review and amalgamation of current, relevant empirical and theoretical literature, this paper examines intervention approaches typically used to respond to Indigenous youth suicide intervention strategies. This literature review draws on a Two-Eyed Seeing approach and post-colonial theory to examine dominant Western approaches with an emphasis on Indigenous approaches. This literature review makes an important contribution to social work practice and policy by identifying key strengths and limitations of current dominant Western approaches as well as explore culturally safe and Indigenous approaches that can be used to decolonize and better inform the Indigenous youth suicide prevention work of social work clinicians and policy makers.

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Familial Attendance at Indian Residential School and Subsequent Involvement in the Child Welfare System Among Indigenous Adults Born During the Sixties Scoop Era

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Risk, rights and deservedness: Navigating the tensions of Gladue, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and settler colonialism in Canadian courts

Risk, rights and deservedness: Navigating the tensions of Gladue, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and settler colonialism in Canadian courts

Family Violence in Context: An Intergenerational Systemic Model

Indigenous Youth Suicide

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