Familial clusters of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and salivary gland carcinomas in greenland natives

Albeck, Henrik; Bentzen, Jens; Ockelmann, Hans Henrik; Nielsen, Nils Højgaard; Bretlau, P; Hansen, Hanne Sand

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19930701)72:1<196::aid-cncr2820720135>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Most significant is the high incidence of endemic BL in East Africa [6][7][8] and NPC in Greenland and South-East Asia [9,10]. This fact has sparked off attempts to identify EBV genome variation, environmental factors, or human genetic changes predisposing for such tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr virus genetic variation in Vietnamese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: full-length analysis of LMP1

et al. 2008

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Genetic variation in tumor virus genes and its impact on function might contribute to the understanding of geographic differences in risks for virus-associated tumors. This is particularly true for the genes known to contribute to the biology of the tumor. It is has been proposed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene variation has a role in the high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in South-East Asia. NPC is among the five most common cancers in Vietnam. EBV-NPC cells always express EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and also frequently latent membrane protein 1 and 2 (LMP1 & LMP2). To investigate EBV gene variation in Vietnamese NPC patients we analyzed the full length of LMP1 gene including its promoter region, and the N-termini of both EBNA1 and LMP2A genes from five NPC biopsies. We detected two EBV variants V1 and V2 based on the LMP1 nucleotide sequence pattern compared with the prototype B95-8 and some available sequences including Chinese variants. The V1 variant shows strong similarity to a variant dominant in Southern China (China 1), while the V2 variant is similar to a Thai variant SEA 2 and partly identity with GD1 in the C-terminus. The promoter region and transmembrane domain of the SEA 2-like samples contained some specific differences compared with previously published variants. In contrast, analysis of EBNA1 N- and LMP2A N-termini only revealed minor changes. Our findings reinforces that the polymorphisms of whole LMP1 sequence should be considered in future EBV molecular epidemiology studies in different geographic populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr virus genetic variation in Vietnamese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: full-length analysis of LMP1

et al. 2008

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“…In epidemiologic studies, the excess risk was generally 4-to 10-fold among individuals with a first-degree relative with NPC, compared with those without a family history (73,137,141,174,180,(269)(270)(271)(272)(273)(274). Risk of cancers of the salivary gland and uterine cervix may also be elevated in family members of NPC cases (257,274).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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1,009

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, populationbased molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease. PurposeIntriguing hallmarks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) include its striking racial/ethnic and geographic variation, as well as its multifactorial etiology involving the interplay of environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors. The precise roles of these factors in the development of NPC, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is understood about the epidemiology of NPC, as well as to present unresolved research questions that call for large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of NPC to illuminate the underlying causes of this fascinating disease. Review MethodsA thorough review of the literature related to the etiology of NPC was undertaken, starting with a Medline search from 1966 onward. Additional papers, book sections, and monographs were identified through examination of reference lists. Because this review aims to present the epidemiologic evidence in a range of topic areas, rather than to calculate overall estimates of effect, formal quantitative methods were not used. All relevant papers have been cited to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence. Inclusion or exclusion criteria were not applied to individual reports, but the strength, consistency, and relevance of the findings were considered in weighing the evidence.Descriptive Epidemiology

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“…Although NPC was not included in recent tabulations of recognized cancer-family syndromes, lots of kindreds were reported with more than one members affected with NPC, sometimes in association with other types of neoplasia. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Table 1 summarized cases of familial NPC with three or more than three cases in non-Chinese populations.…”

Section: Familial Clustering Of Npcmentioning

confidence: 99%