“…As we’ve noted, the available evidence on subgroup impacts within the Head Start literature fails to offer a consistent story, although the broader literature suggests somewhat stronger cognitive impacts for girls (Anderson, 2008; Oden et al, 2000). Although the reasons for this gendered pattern are not well understood, there is some evidence that boys experience poorer quality care than girls in child care and that early childhood teachers portray their relationships with boys as both more problematic and less close than their relationships with girls (Howes & Olenick, 1986; NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 1997, 2001; Peisner-Feinberg et al, 2001; Wachs, Gurkas, & Kontos, 2004; Winer & Phillips, 2012). This is of concern given evidence that, at the other end of the schooling years, boys are now less likely to graduate from high school, and less likely to attend and complete college and enroll in graduate training than are girls (DiPrete & Buchmann, 2013).…”