Familial risk for gastric carcinoma: an updated study from Sweden

Abstract

Reliable data on familial risks are important for clinical counselling and cancer genetics. However, the estimates of familial risk of gastric cancer vary widely. We examined the risk of familial gastric cancer using the updated Swedish Family-Cancer Database with 5358 patients among offspring and 36 486 patients among parents. There were 133 families with one parent and one offspring diagnosed with gastric cancer, and 20 families with two affected offspring. Familial standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were 1.63 and 2.93 when parents and siblings presented with gastric cancer, respectively. The high sibling risk was owing to cancer in the corpus (SIR 7.28). The SIR for cardia cancer was 1.54 when parents were diagnosed with any gastric cancer. Cardia cancer associated with oesophageal cancer, particularly with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Among specific histologies, signet ring cancer showed an increase. A few associations were noted for discordant sites, including the urinary bladder and the endometrium. H. pylori infection, although not measured in the present study, is probably an important risk factor for the high sibling risk of corpus cancer. Familial clustering of cardia cancer is independent of H. pylori infection, and may have a genetic basis. The familial association of cardia cancer with oesophageal adenocarcinoma may provide aetiological clues.

Histopathological, Molecular, and Genetic Profile of Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer: Current Knowledge and Challenges for the Future

“…Incidences described range from 2.8% in Sweden to 36.6% in Japan and are different between low-and high-risk areas [4][5][6][7]. Familial gastric cancer can be classified as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), familial intestinal gastric cancer (FIGC) and, when the histopathology of tumours is unknown, as familial gastric cancer (FGC) [8].…”

Matrix metalloproteinases and gastrointestinal cancers: Impacts of dietary antioxidants

“…Among the factors, giving rise to high sibling risk in the case of corpus cancer, H. pylori infection may be an important one. The association of upper stomach cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma in families may also lead to important clues on the aetiology of both diseases [16] .…”

Comparison of patients by family history with gastric and non-gastric cancer

“…A much higher incidence of familial GC (FGC) was reported from Mediterranean countries [19] , while a relatively low occurrence was noted in northern European countries [14] . Some studies, although not all, showed that a family history of GC might be considered a stronger risk factor for women [2,3] , or that risk of GC might be higher for subjects with an affected sibling rather than a parent [13,15,16,21] . The risk of GC associated with family history for non-GC has been found with different cancers in different studies [5,10,15,21] .…”

“…Some studies, although not all, showed that a family history of GC might be considered a stronger risk factor for women [2,3] , or that risk of GC might be higher for subjects with an affected sibling rather than a parent [13,15,16,21] . The risk of GC associated with family history for non-GC has been found with different cancers in different studies [5,10,15,21] . In addition, the histological type of FGC was pronounced for "intestinal" and/or "diffuse" cancers in different studies germline mutation of CDH1, has never been found in eastern Asia [8] .…”

“…Family history of GC has previously been studied in many regions, including eastern Asian [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] , North American [10][11][12] , northern European [13][14][15] , and Mediterranean countries [16][17][18][19][20][21] . A much higher incidence of familial GC (FGC) was reported from Mediterranean countries [19] , while a relatively low occurrence was noted in northern European countries [14] .…”