Familial Risks of Kidney Failure in Sweden: A Nationwide Family Study

Abstract

BackgroundThe value of family history as a risk factor for kidney failure has not been determined in a nationwide setting.AimThis nationwide family study aimed to determine familial risks for kidney failure in Sweden.MethodsThe Swedish multi-generation register on 0–78-year-old subjects were linked to the Swedish patient register and the Cause of death register for 1987–2010. Individuals diagnosed with acute kidney failure (n = 10063), chronic kidney failure (n = 18668), or unspecified kidney failure (n = 3731) were included. Kidney failure patients with cystic kidney disease, congenital kidney and urinary tract malformations, urolithiasis, and rare inherited kidney syndromes, and hyperoxaluria were excluded. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for individuals whose parents/siblings were diagnosed with kidney failure compared to those whose parents or siblings were not.ResultsThe concordant (same disease) familial risks (sibling/parent history) were increased for chronic kidney failure SIR = 2.02 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.90–2.14) but not for acute kidney failure SIR = 1.08 (95% CI 0.94–1.22) and for unspecified kidney failure SIR = 1.25 (95% CI 0.94–1.63). However, the discordant (different disease) familial risk for acute kidney failure SIR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.06–1.32) and unspecified kidney failure SIR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.40–1.90) was significantly increased in individuals with a family history of chronic kidney failure. The familial risk for chronic kidney failure was similar for males SIR = 2.04 (95% CI 1.90–2.20) and females SIR = 1.97 (95% CI 1.78–2.17). Familial risks for chronic kidney failure were highest at age of 10–19 years SIR = 6.33 (95% CI 4.16–9.22).ConclusionsThe present study shows that family history is an important risk factor for chronic kidney failure but to a lower degree for acute kidney failure and unspecified kidney failure.

Relatives in silent kidney disease screening (RISKS) study: A Chinese cohort study

“…The relation between a family history of ESRD and the development of kidney disease is increasingly recognized in the recent decade . A nationwide study in Sweden reported that individuals with a family history (siblings/parents) of CKD had approximately 2‐fold increase in risk in developing CKD . Interestingly, a family history of CKD also increased one’s risk of acute renal failure significantly (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.19) .…”

Heritability of End-Stage Renal Disease: A Swedish Adoption Study

“…Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of family history of kidney disease among different populations of patients with ESRD [7-26]. Recent nationwide family studies have been performed concerning the association of renal failure and ESRD [27, 28]. A Swedish nationwide family study found an increased familial risk for chronic renal failure and unspecified renal failure but not for acute renal failure [27].…”

“…Recent nationwide family studies have been performed concerning the association of renal failure and ESRD [27, 28]. A Swedish nationwide family study found an increased familial risk for chronic renal failure and unspecified renal failure but not for acute renal failure [27]. A significant familial risk for acute renal failure was observed only among young children [27].…”

“…A Swedish nationwide family study found an increased familial risk for chronic renal failure and unspecified renal failure but not for acute renal failure [27]. A significant familial risk for acute renal failure was observed only among young children [27]. In a recent nationwide Norwegian study, a strong familial risk of ESRD was found [28].…”

A single nucleotide polymorphism in the UMOD promoter is associated with end stage renal disease

“…Familial clustering phenomenon was common in patients with ESRD [4, 5, 7, 8]. A recent study reported that a CKD patients, who had a first-degree relative with ESRD, significantly increased the relative risk of developing ESRD [8].…”