Families created through surrogacy: Mother–child relationships and children's psychological adjustment at age 7.

Abstract

Each year, an increasing number of children are born through surrogacy and thus lack a genetic and/or gestational link with their mother. This study examined the impact of surrogacy on mother-child relationships and children’s psychological adjustment. Assessments of maternal positivity, maternal negativity, mother-child interaction and child adjustment were administered to 32 surrogacy, 32 egg donation and 54 natural conception families with a 7-year-old child. No differences were found for maternal negativity, maternal positivity or child adjustment, although the surrogacy and egg donation families showed less positive mother-child interaction than the natural conception families. The findings suggest that both surrogacy and egg donation families function well in the early school years.

Public and private families: a comparative thematic analysis of the intersections of social norms and scrutiny

“…When comparing outcomes for families differentiated by mode of family formation, research suggests that there are more similarities than differences (e.g., Ceballo, Lansford, Abbey & Stewart, 2004;Golombok et al, 2011;Shelton et al, 2009). Such research suggests that it is family practices, rather than structure or mode of formation, which determines family…”

The fertility treatment time forgot: What should be done about surrogacy in the UK?

“…5 Follow-up longitudinal studies conducted when the children were older also support this: see e.g. Golombok et al (2011);Jadva et al (2012).…”

Psychological Aspects - A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…A totalidade dos casais contou a pessoas externas à família, sendo que 92% contou a avós maternos e 100% a avós paternos (Golombok et al, 2004;Golombok et al, 2006b). Na quarta fase do mesmo estudo longitudinal, Golombok et al, (2011) haviam concluído que aos 7 anos de idade a criança toma conhecimento e consciência do que significa gestação por substituição.…”