Family Burden of Raising a Child with ADHD

Zhao, Xin; Page, Timothy F.; Altszuler, Amy R.; Pelham, William E.; Kipp, Heidi; Gnagy, Elizabeth M.; Coxe, Stefany; Schatz, Nicole K.; Merrill, Brittany M.; Macphee, Fiona L.

doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00518-5

Cited by 128 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The costs of multicomponent behaviour therapy, as it was used in the MTA study, due to its very intensive character including summer camps and parent trainings, is a more expensive treatment compared to neurofeedback (Arnold personal communication; August 9th 2018). Furthermore, the total economic burden-excluding treatment costs-has been estimated to be $ 15,036 per child with ADHD vs. $2848 per child without ADHD (Zhao et al 2019), hence the lasting 32-47% remission rates reported imply a dramatic savings on economic burden independent of the treatment costs as well and posit neurofeedback as a cost-effective intervention, especially in regard to the long-term effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofeedback and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) in Children: Rating the Evidence and Proposed Guidelines

Arns

Clark

Trullinger

et al. 2020

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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Stimulant medication and behaviour therapy are the most often applied and accepted treatments for Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD). Here we explore where the non-pharmacological clinical intervention known as neurofeedback (NFB), fits on the continuum of empirically supported treatments, using standard protocols. In this quantitative review we utilized an updated and stricter version of the APA guidelines for rating 'well-established' treatments and focused on efficacy and effectiveness using effect-sizes (ES) and remission, with a focus on long-term effects. Efficacy and effectiveness are compared to medication and behaviour therapy using benchmark studies. Only recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as multi-centre randomized controlled trials (RCT's) will be included. Two meta-analyses confirmed significant efficacy of standard neurofeedback protocols for parent and teacher rated symptoms with a medium effect size, and sustained effects after 6-12 months. Four multicenter RCT's demonstrated significant superiority to semi-active control groups, with medium-large effect sizes end of treatment or follow-up and remission rates of 32-47%. Effectiveness in openlabel studies was confirmed, no signs of publication bias were found and no significant neurofeedback-specific side effects have been reported. Standard neurofeedback protocols in the treatment of ADHD can be concluded to be a well-established treatment with medium to large effect sizes and 32-47% remission rates and sustained effects as assessed after 6-12 months.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofeedback and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) in Children: Rating the Evidence and Proposed Guidelines

Arns

Clark

Trullinger

et al. 2020

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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“…In addition, parents were more likely to experience employment difficulties. 6 Caregiver strain and resulting health impacts could be non-trivial. Unfortunately, these indirect costs remain unexamined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating the Implementation of EPC Reports in Learning Health Systems Engaged in Quality Initiatives: an EPC Pilot Project on ADHD

Morrow¹,

Butler²,

Murad³

2019

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None of the investigators have any affiliations or financial involvement that conflicts with the material presented in this report. The information in this report is intended to help healthcare decision makers-patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others-make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of healthcare services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. Anyone who makes decisions concerning the provision of clinical care should consider this report in the same way as any medical reference and in conjunction with all other pertinent information, i.e., in the context of available resources and circumstances presented by individual patients. This report is made available to the public under the terms of a licensing agreement between the author and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. This report may be used and reprinted without permission except those copyrighted materials that are clearly noted in the report. Further reproduction of those copyrighted materials is prohibited without the express permission of copyright holders. AHRQ or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services endorsement of any derivative products that may be developed from this report, such as clinical practice guidelines, other quality enhancement tools, or reimbursement or coverage policies, may not be stated or implied.

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“…According to data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the average cost of raising a child in the United States over 18 years is $240,000 [43]. Cost analysis performed in families caring for children with special needs show that this amount can be significantly higher in this population [44]. This is due not only to the direct costs associated with the increased utilization of healthcare resources used, but also other additional factors such as the need for continuous and experienced childcare/caregiving needs, parental emotional distress, and in some cases, loss of parental productivity [45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Additional Concerns Surrounding a Genetic Diagnosis In Adolementioning

confidence: 99%

Practical recommendations for the transition to adulthood for the adolescent with a genetic diagnosis. Special emphasis on inborn errors of metabolism

Castro

Turner²,

Kirmse

2020

TRD

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Taken as a group, genetic disorders affect a significant proportion of the population. Historically thought of as pediatric disorders, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are becoming increasingly relevant to the adult clinical provider; given the improvements in screening, diagnosis and management, an increasing number of children with IEM's are able to transition adulthood. Currently available data suggests that adult-medicine clinical providers are ill-prepared to appropriately care for this population. Although practical management and transition guidelines exist for a minority of disorders, there is a significant lack of guidance for the great majority of conditions. Based on our review of the relevant literature, we set out to provide practical recommendations to assist in the transition from adolescence to adulthood, with an emphasis on patients with an inborn error of metabolism.

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Family Burden of Raising a Child with ADHD

Cited by 128 publications

References 59 publications

Neurofeedback and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) in Children: Rating the Evidence and Proposed Guidelines

Neurofeedback and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) in Children: Rating the Evidence and Proposed Guidelines

Facilitating the Implementation of EPC Reports in Learning Health Systems Engaged in Quality Initiatives: an EPC Pilot Project on ADHD

Practical recommendations for the transition to adulthood for the adolescent with a genetic diagnosis. Special emphasis on inborn errors of metabolism

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