Family Conflict and Violent Electronic Media Use in School-Aged Children

Adolescents’ comments in social media: Why do adolescents receive negative feedback and who is most at risk?

“…In previous research, preadolescents with high levels of family conflict were found to have a stronger preference for stimulating (i.e., violent) media content (Fikkers et al, 2013;Vandewater et al, 2005). However, our study suggests that adolescents seem to have a stronger need for contact with or support from peers or people outside their families or existing peer group, rather than the riskiness associated with disclosing themselves visually in social media.…”

“…Family conflict. Preadolescents from high-conflict families have a stronger preference for violent media content (Fikkers, Piotrowski, Weeda, Vossen, & Valkenburg, 2013;Vandewater, Lee, & Shim, 2005). This preference for relatively stimulating media content may also be expressed in more extreme or risky use of online social media, such as risky online self-presentation and initiating contact with strangers, which may lead to receive negative reactions.…”

Associations Between Content Types of Early Media Exposure and Subsequent Attentional Problems

“…29 Although the term "violent" is used here, it should be understood that the definition includes hostile language, threatening behavior, and cartoon violence as well as realistic violence. A minimum of 2 coders evaluated each show for violence and educational content, with a interrater score of 0.81.…”

Violent Television Viewing During Preschool Is Associated With Antisocial Behavior During School Age

“…Violent content was ascribed when "violence was a central and integral part of the plot or of the main characters' occupations, if the lead characters' main purpose was to fight or flee from violence, or if there was more violence in the program than would be expected in the everyday life of a child." 27 Although the term "violent" is used here, it should be understood that the definition includes hostile language, threatening behavior, and cartoon violence as well as realistic violence. A minimum of 2 coders evaluated each show for violence and educational content, with a interrater score of 0.81.…”

“…A minimum of 2 coders evaluated each show for violence and educational content, with a interrater score of 0.81. 19,27 Differences were resolved by discussion. For this study, we classified shows into 3 categories: educational, nonviolent entertainment (ie, not violent and not educational), and violent entertainment (ie, violent and not educational).…”