Family-Environmental Factors Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Chinese Children: A Case-Control Study

Carroll, Xianming; Yi, Honggang; Liang, Yuezhu; Pang, Ke; Leeper-Woodford, Sandra K.; Riccardi, Patrizia; Liang, Xiaohu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050543

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Our findings revealed that nearly 23% of the sample had experienced at least one documented type of maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect) by the adolescent (Wave 2) follow-up assessment. This rate was double that of our comparison group and is higher than national estimates (10%–20%), consistent with past research indicating that youth with ADHD are at increased risk for maltreatment (Briscoe-Smith & Hinshaw, 2006; Carroll et al, 2012; Ford et al, 2000). According to our findings, four of eight young adult functioning domains showed at least one significantly elevated measure of impairment among maltreated participants relative to nonmaltreated participants, when adjusting for demographic, prenatal, and conceptually linked baseline variables, and with control of false discovery rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Moreover, in a large, nationally representative sample of adults, Sugaya et al (2012) found that physical abuse in childhood was associated with elevated odds of multiple adult psychiatric disorders, with ADHD showing the strongest association (see also Beers & De Bellis, 2002; Gunnar et al, 2012; Ouyang, Fang, Mercy, Perou, & Grosse, 2008). Evidence also indicates that children with ADHD are more likely to have experienced maltreatment compared to those without ADHD (Carroll et al, 2012; Ford et al, 2000), suggesting both parent–child and child–parent reciprocal causal pathways.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Early-adult correlates of maltreatment in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Increased risk for internalizing symptoms and suicidality

et al. 2015

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We examined whether maltreatment experienced in childhood and/or adolescence prospectively predicts young adult functioning in a diverse and well-characterized sample of females with childhood-diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (N = 140). Participants were part of a longitudinal study and carefully evaluated in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood (Mage = 9.6, 14.3, and 19.7 years, respectively), with high retention rates across time. A thorough review of multisource data reliably established maltreatment status for each participant (Mκ = 0.78). Thirty-two (22.9%) participants experienced at least one maltreatment type (physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect). Criterion variables included a broad array of young adult measures of functioning gleaned from multiple-source, multiple-informant instruments. With stringent statistical control of demographic, prenatal, and family status characteristics as well as baseline levels of the criterion variable in question, maltreated participants were significantly more impaired than nonmaltreated participants with respect to self-harm (suicide attempts), internalizing symptomatology (anxiety and depression), eating disorder symptomatology, and well-being (lower overall self-worth). Effect sizes were medium. Comprising the first longitudinal evidence linking maltreatment with key young adult life impairments among a carefully diagnosed and followed sample of females with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, these findings underscore the clinical importance of trauma experiences within this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Early-adult correlates of maltreatment in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Increased risk for internalizing symptoms and suicidality

et al. 2015

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“… 15 Although family factors may not be the key mechanism for causation of ADHD, their presence affects the entire process of the disease. 16 Therefore, good behavioral patterns need to be set up in a stable and healthy family environment for these children. For example, ineffective, inconsistent, and negligent parenting were associated with aggravating the symptoms of ADHD, including disruptive behavioral disorders, such as Conduct Disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of family environmental, behavioral, and social functional factors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Huang

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate relationships among family environmental characteristics, behavior problems, and social function impairments in children with ADHD.MethodsAmong children from four primary schools in Shantou city of China, 132 who were diagnosed with ADHD were selected and 138 typically developing children were recruited from the same schools. These children were evaluated using the self-designed questionnaire, FES-CV, CPRS, CTRS, and WFIRS-P for familial environment, behavioral problems, and social function impairment measures. In addition, children’s behavioral problems and functional impairments were evaluated using self-established field behavior observation method. Logistic regression model was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for ADHD risk with family environmental factors.ResultsIn the unconditional logistic model, ADHD risk in children was increased with parents’ worse educational level, occupational status, and emotional stability with trend. Children with ADHD had lower scores on most subscales of FES-CV (P<0.01) but higher scores on Conflict subscale (P<0.001). Children with ADHD showed impairments on all the six WFIRS-P subscales tests (all P<0.001), and higher scores on the CPRS and CTRS scale subscales representing behavioral symptoms (all P<0.001 except Somatic Complaints), and more behavioral problems and functional impairments.ConclusionCompared with typically developing children, children with ADHD had worse family environment. Family characteristics especially parents’ emotional unstability, lower education levels, and worse occupation status may increase ADHD risk in children. In addition, the behavioral problems and social functional impairments may interact with adverse family environmental factors in children with ADHD. Therefore, early interventions with focus onto the compromising factors can be useful for improving the social-behavioral functions of children with ADHD.

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“…Gender was the only demographic variable in our study, and maternal education, paternal education, maternal occupation, paternal occupation, and household income were considered as SES variables in this study. Parental education was assigned as being either compulsory education (<9 years, low level), high school education (9–12 years, middle level), or some college or advanced training (>12 years, high level) ( 24 ). Parental occupation was assigned as three levels: unemployment, manual labor, and professional.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Delayed Neurodevelopment in Infants Using Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials and the Bayley II Scales

et al. 2020

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Background: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) provide an objective analysis of central nervous system function and development in infants. This study proposed to examine the relationship between infant BAEP values at age 6 months, and their neurodevelopment at age 2 years assessed by the mental development indices (MDI), a form of Bayley Scales of Infant Development. We hypothesized that in infants with BAEP values outside normal range, there may be neurodevelopmental delays, as shown by their MDI scores. Methods: An exploratory investigation was conducted using preterm (28-36 weeks gestation; 95 cases) and term infants (≥37 weeks gestation; 100 cases) who were born with specific perinatal conditions. BAEP values were recorded in these infants from 1 to 8 months of age, and compared with MDI scores in these infants at age 2 years. A multivariate linear regressions model was performed to test the associations between all variables and MDI scores. Stratified linear regression was used to test the interactions between gestational age and BAEP values with MDI scores. Significance was determined at a p < 0.05. Results: We found that BAEP values were inversely associated with MDI scores in premature infants (β = −1.89; 95% confidence interval = −3.42 to −0.36), and that the effect of gestational age and BAEP values on the MDI scores is decreased by 1.89 points due to the interaction between these two variables. In premature babies, the lower the BAEP value below the mean, the greater the decrease in MDI score at age 2 years. Asphyxia and lower socioeconomic status in the family were also covariates associated with lower MDI scores at age 2 years. Conclusion: The data provided evidence that BAEP values outside the normal range in premature infants at age 6 months may predict developmental delays in cognitive and motor skills, as shown by MDI scores. We propose that BAEP assessment may be utilized as a potential indicator for neurodevelopment, and suggest that early intellectual Wang et al. Predicting Pediatric Neurodevelopment Using BAEP and public health interventions should be encouraged to enrich neurodevelopment in premature babies with BAEP values outside the normal range.

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Family-Environmental Factors Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Chinese Children: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Early-adult correlates of maltreatment in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Increased risk for internalizing symptoms and suicidality

Early-adult correlates of maltreatment in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Increased risk for internalizing symptoms and suicidality

Involvement of family environmental, behavioral, and social functional factors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Prediction of Delayed Neurodevelopment in Infants Using Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials and the Bayley II Scales

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