Family-expressed emotion, childhood-onset depression, and childhood-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Is expressed emotion a nonspecific correlate of child psychopathology or a specific risk factor for depression?

Asarnow, Joan Rosenbaum; Tompson, Martha C.; Hamilton, Elizabeth; Goldstein, Michael J.; Guthrie, Donald

doi:10.1007/bf02167896

Cited by 171 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…An accumulation of findings links the course of childhood disorder to characteristics of parent -child relations, specifically expressed emotion (EE). The extent of family criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement predicted recovery rates one year after hospitalization in a sample of children hospitalized for depression irrespective of treatment method, ilness duration or comorbidity (Asarnow, Tompson, Hamilton, Goldstein, & Guthrie, 1994). Studies of children with physical disorders also imply that the course of these disorders is likely to be affected by parenting characteristics.…”

Section: The Current Case For Socializationmentioning

confidence: 98%

The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood: The mysterious unfolding of disturbance in time

Fonagy

2003

Infant Mental Health Journal

117

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A model for the development of this mechanism is offered as well as evidence for it from five areas: (1) the nature of the association of early attachment and later cognitive functioning, (2) accumulating evidence for the association between secure attachment and the facility with which internal states are understood and represented, (3) the limited predictive value of early attachment classification, (4) the studies of the biological functions of attachment in other mammalian species, and (5) factor analytic studies of adult attachment scales that suggest the independence of attachment type and attachment quality. The author tentatively proposes that attachment in infancy has the primary evolutionary function of generating a mind capable of inferring and attributing causal motivational and epistemic mind states, and through these arriving at a representation of the self in terms of a set of stable and generalized intentional attributes thus ensuring social collaboration, whereas attachment in adulthood serves the evolutionary function of protecting the self representation from the impingements that social encounters inevitably create. Severe personality pathology arises when the psychological mechanism of attachment is distorted or dysfunctional and cannot fulfill its biological function of preserving the intactness of self representations.RESUMEN: A partir de las siguientes cinco áreas, ofrecemos un modelo para el desarrollo de este mecanismo, así como prueba del mismo: (i) la naturaleza de la asociación entre la temprana afectividad y el funcionamiento cognitivo posterior, (ii) la acumulación de pruebas para determinar la asociación entre una afectividad segura y la facilidad con la cual los estados internos son comprendidos y representados, (iii) el limitado valor de predicción de la clasificación de la temprana afectividad, (iv) los estudios de las funciones biológicas de la afectividad en otras especies mamíferas, y (v) los estudios analíticos de factores de las escalas de la afectividad adulta que sugieren la independencia del tipo y calidad de la afectividad. El autor propone tentativamente que la afectividad en la infancia tiene como función primaria de evolución la de generar una mente capaz de deducir y atribuir estados mentales causales, de motivos y de conociPaper submitted to the Infant Mental Health Journal February 2001, based on a plenary address given at the World Association of Infant Mental Health Congress, Montreal, July 28, 2000. The author would like to acknowledge the contribution of his colleagues at the Child and Family Center, Menninger Clinic, Topeka, Kansas. This article is in large part based on data gathered by them. In particular, the author is indebted to Drs. Helen Stein, Jon Allen, Martin Maldonado, and Jim Fultz. The author would also like to acknowledge Dr. Anna Higgitt's guidance in the writing of the paper. This article is part of an ongoing collaboration with Drs. Mary Target, George Gergely, and Elliot Jurist. A coauthored book covering these themes has recently ...

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Section: The Current Case For Socializationmentioning

confidence: 98%

The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood: The mysterious unfolding of disturbance in time

Fonagy

2003

Infant Mental Health Journal

117

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“…Several investigators have demonstrated that parent-child conflict is associated with the outcome of asthma in children [Hermanns et al, 1989;Schobinger et al, 1992;Strunk et al, 1985;Wamboldt et al, 1995]. Parental criticism and parent-child conflict have also been shown to be risk factors for depression and behavioral disorders in children [Asarnow et al, 1993[Asarnow et al, , 1994Vostanis et al, 1994]. Thus, parental criticism is associated with both asthma and depression in children and is a potential common environmental etiologic factor for both disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Familial association between allergic disorders and depression in adult Finnish twins

et al. 2000

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Clinical studies have shown a relationship between allergic disorders and depression, panic disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety for a significant subset of patients with these disorders. The nature of the relationship, whether due to shared environmental or biologic vulnerabilities or as a result of the stress of chronic illness, has been less clear. By examining the covariance of atopic disorders and depressive symptoms in a community sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, the contribution of genetic and/or shared environmental etiological factors can be established. A Finnish sample of 1337 MZ and 2506 DZ twin pairs, ages 33-60 years, was sent questionnaires inquiring about history of asthma, eczema, and atopic rhinitis, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The nature of the covariation between twins of these symptoms was investigated by fitting competing genetic and environmental models. Within-person correlation between atopic symptoms and BDI was 0.103 (P < 0.001) for the total sample. Using the Mx statistical modeling program to fit the data to competing quantitative genetic models, the best fitting model estimated that 64% of the association between atopy and BDI was due to shared familial vulnerability, primarily additive genetic influences. Although the measures for allergic disorders and depression are crude, this study supports the hypothesis that there is a small shared genetic risk for atopic and depressive symptoms, and if replicated, may open research for common mechanisms between allergic and depressive disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:146-153, 2000.

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“…Moreover, family conflict has been reported to be related to the onset, duration, and recurrence of pediatric and adult mood disorders. 1,2,45,46,56,57 Diminution of family conflict may be an important component for promoting recovery and preventing recurrences.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Outcome After Short-term Psychotherapy for Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder

Birmaher

Brent²,

Kolko³

et al. 2000

Arch Gen Psychiatry

347

229

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Family-expressed emotion, childhood-onset depression, and childhood-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Is expressed emotion a nonspecific correlate of child psychopathology or a specific risk factor for depression?

Cited by 171 publications

References 32 publications

The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood: The mysterious unfolding of disturbance in time

The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood: The mysterious unfolding of disturbance in time

Familial association between allergic disorders and depression in adult Finnish twins

Clinical Outcome After Short-term Psychotherapy for Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder

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