Family income and self-rated health in Canada: Using fixed effects models to control for unobserved confounders and investigate causal temporality

Veenstra, Gerry; Vanzella‐Yang, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112884

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Social connections allow to receive support from relatives and find a sense of cohesion in the society (i.e., sense of trust and reciprocity with the wider community) which are milestones to achieve successful aging and better health [66]. Recently, a Canadian longitu-dinal study suggested a formal causal relationship between family income and self-rated health [67], supporting the importance to consider income as a predictive factor of participation. In addition, memory and perception of equal opportunities and political orientations as obstacle were also distinctive predictors of poorer recreation over time.…”

Section: Social Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of participation restriction over a 9-year period in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1

Raymond

Levasseur

Gallais

et al. 2020

Disability and Rehabilitation

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Section: Social Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of participation restriction over a 9-year period in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1

Raymond

Levasseur

Gallais

et al. 2020

Disability and Rehabilitation

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“…However, we suspect that these associations are not causal in nature. Recent research using fixed effects models to describe associations between changes in family income and changes in health found no evidence of strong causal effects of income on health over a short period of time [18,[22][23][24]. In contrast, research from the United States has shown significant effects of long-term (more than 10 years) but not short-term (2 years) income exposures on self-rated health [25] As new waves of the LISA become available in the future, a more comprehensive version of the present study should be undertaken, accounting for initial health status and other possible confounders which we could not address using data from the linked historical family files from the CRA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) collected by Statistics Canada in 2012 (wave one). Detailed descriptions of the LISA can be found in the Statistics Canada webpage [17] and in previous publications by the authors of this paper [18,19]. In the present study, respondents were linked to their T1 Family File income tax data for each year from 2002 to 2011.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family income and health in Canada: a longitudinal study of stability and change

Vanzella‐Yang

Veenstra

2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Extensive research has shown strong associations between income and health. However, the health effects of income dynamics over time are less known. We investigated how stability, volatility and trajectory in family incomes from 2002 to 2011 predicted (1) fair/poor self-rated health and (2) the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem in 2012. Methods The data came from the 2012 wave of the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults linked to annual family income data for 2002 to 2011 from the Canada Revenue Agency. We executed a series of binary logistic regressions to examine associations between health and average family income over the decade (Model 1), number of years in the bottom quartile (Model 2) and top quartile (Model 3) of family incomes, standard deviation of family incomes (Model 4), absolute difference between family income at the end and start of the period (Model 5), and number of years in which inflation-adjusted family income went down by more than 1% (Model 6) and up by more than 1% (Model 7) from 1 year to the next. The analyses were conducted separately for women and men. Results Average family income over the decade was strongly associated with both self-rated health and the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem. More years spent in the bottom quartile of family incomes corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health and the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem. Steady decreases in family income over the decade corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health for men and more years spent in the top quartile of family incomes over the decade corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health for women. Conclusion Previous studies of the association between family income and health in Canada may have overlooked important issues pertaining to family income stability and change that are impactful for health.

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“…Previous studies confirmed a relationship between family income and health (16,17). The reason may be that income affects health through quality housing, social networks and relationships, health-related knowledge, diet choices, and sports activities in safe communities (18). Most previous studies of the association between family income and health have used regression modeling applied to cross-sectional data (19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Impact of Family Income on Body Mass Index and Self-Rated Health of Illiterate and Non-illiterate Rural Elderly in China: Evidence From a Fixed Effect Approach

Xin

Ren

2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Rural communities worldwide are experiencing the most significant levels of aging. Most rural elderly have no stable pension, and leading family income plays an indispensable role in the life security of rural elderly. This study aims to investigate whether the association between annual family income per capita and body mass index (BMI) and self-rated health (SRH) in rural elderly is moderated by education during fast economic development.Methods: We chose the fixed-effects model to analyze the impact of the annual family income per capita change on BMI and SRH based on a large, nationally representative longitudinal dataset of rural respondents aged above 60 of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018.Results: Six hundred and fifty-eight were eligible for inclusion in our analysis in CFPS. The median age of participants was 65 years in 2010, and 379 (57.60%) participants were male. Self-rated health increased with higher the logarithmized family income per capita among the rural illiterate elderly (β = 0.0770; 95% CI = 0.0065–0.1473). Body mass index increased with higher the logarithmized family income per capita among the rural elderly (β = 0.1614, 95% CI: 0.0325–0.2903), and it was more evident among the illiterate elderly (β = 0.2462, 95% CI: 0.05519–0.4372).Conclusion: Family income has an impact on BMI and SRH moderated by education level among rural elderly in China. These results contribute to developing more targeted strategies in the context of a developing country. In addition, it also reminds us to consider the differences in the educational level of the elderly in rural areas when examining the relationship between family income and health.

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Family income and self-rated health in Canada: Using fixed effects models to control for unobserved confounders and investigate causal temporality

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Predictors of participation restriction over a 9-year period in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1

Predictors of participation restriction over a 9-year period in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1

Family income and health in Canada: a longitudinal study of stability and change

The Impact of Family Income on Body Mass Index and Self-Rated Health of Illiterate and Non-illiterate Rural Elderly in China: Evidence From a Fixed Effect Approach

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