Family Planning in Rwanda: Status and Prospects

May, John F.; Mukamanzi, Monique; Vekemans, Marcel

doi:10.2307/1966588

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This suggests that Rwandan parents improve their social security by having more children, male as well as female. Together with this economic rationale for having many children, May et al (1990) report that social norms and attitudes of Rwandan women are very pro-natalist. They consider it their duty to transmit life.…”

Section: Forced Migration Fertility and Child Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On top of this, traditional methods of birth control used by Rwandans, such as birth spacing, may be more difficult to practice in the stressful, unhealthy and coercive situations refugees are living in (May et al, 1990). A short time span between two births impairs the survival chances of the last born child because this one has to be weaned early, risking illness, malnutrition and psychological distress.…”

Section: Forced Migration Fertility and Child Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…per year, May et al, 1990). Given the scarcity of land, this population growth led to an equally exceptional level of population density (300 persons per square km in the early 1990s).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Survival and Fertility of Refugees in Rwanda

Verwimp¹,

Bavel

2005

Eur J Population

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In the 1960s and 1990s, internal strife in Rwanda has caused a mass flow of refugees into neighbouring countries. This article explores the cumulated fertility of Rwandan refugee women and the survival of their children. To this end, we use a national survey conducted between 1999 and 2001 and covering 6,420 former refugee and non-refugee households. The findings support old-age security theories of reproductive behaviour: refugee women had higher fertility but their children had lower survival chances. Newborn girls suffered more than boys, suggesting that the usual sex differential in child survival observed in most populations changes under extreme living conditions. Philip Verwimp et Jan van Bavel, 2005, Survie des enfants et fe´condite´chez les re´fugie´s du Rwanda. Revue Europe´enne de De´mographie, 21: 271-290.Re´sume´. Dans les anne´es 1960 et 1990, les conflits internes au Rwanda ont provoque´un afflux de re´fugie´s dans les pays voisins. Cet article e´tudie la fe´condite´cumule´e des re´fugie´es ruandaises et la survie de leurs enfants. Il repose sur l'analyse de donne´es issues d'une enqueˆte nationale mene´e entre 1999 et 2001 et portant sur 6 420 me´nages d'anciens re´fugie´s ou de nonre´fugie´s. Les re´sultats confirment les the´ories qui mettent en relation comportement reproductif et se´curite´pour les vieux jours: les re´fugie´es ont eu une fe´condite´plus e´leve´e mais leurs enfants une survie plus faible. Les nouveau-ne´s filles ont davantage souffert que les garc¸ons, sugge´rant que les diffe´rences habituelles de mortalite´selon le sexe, observe´es chez les tre`s jeunes enfants dans la plupart des populations, peuvent eˆtre modifie´es dans des conditions de vie extreˆmes.

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Section: Forced Migration Fertility and Child Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forced Migration Fertility and Child Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Survival and Fertility of Refugees in Rwanda

Verwimp¹,

Bavel

2005

Eur J Population

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“…Secondly, the population policy that started after 1981 under donors' pressure to tackle the high rate of population growth (family planning was not among the priorities of the Habyarimana regime [14]), with the creation of the National Office of Population (ONAPO) [16], faded into the background in the second half of the 1990s. Building up the new society and restoring peace and reconciliation became more important policy foci than population growth reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Fertility Decline in Rwanda: A Decomposition Analysis

Rutayisire

Hooimeijer

Broekhuis

2014

International Journal of Population Research

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After having stalled in the 1990s, fertility in Rwanda resumed its downward trajectory between 2005 and 2010. The total fertility rate declined from 6.1 to 4.6 and modern contraceptive use increased. However, it is unclear which determinants lay behind the previous stall and the recent strong drop in fertility. This paper contributes to an ongoing debate on the impact of social upheavals on fertility decline. We use a decomposition analysis, focusing on the change in characteristics and reproductive behaviour of women and their contributions to levels of fertility during 1992-2000 and 2000-2010. Results show that due to widowhood and separation the proportion of women who were married decreased between 1992 and 2000, but their fertility increased in the same period due to replacement fertility and an unmet need for family planning. After 2000, postponement of marriage and lower infant mortality contributed to lower fertility, but the most important effect is the overall lower fertility due not only to improved family planning provision but perhaps also to the sensitizing campaigns of the Rwandan government.

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“…5 Implementation of the various policies facilitated a significant increase in the use of contraceptives: In 1983, only 11% of the population used contraceptives, while in 1992 the figure was 21% (Table 1). [6][7][8][9] After the genocide in 1994, the population policy shifted toward reuniting dislocated families, and although ONAPO remained in existence, no activities related to slowing population growth were undertaken. Eight years later, ONAPO was dissolved and all population matters were transferred to the Ministry of Health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%