Family structure, time constraints, and sport participation

Ruseski, Jane E.; Humphreys, Brad R.; Hallmann, Kirstin; Breuer, Christoph

doi:10.1007/s11556-011-0084-y

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These findings were paralleled in an earlier study by McLanahan and Sandefur (1994) that solely focused on the lifestyles and sports activity of single parents. Individuals in families with a caring role have also been highlighted as experiencing increased pressure on their own sports choices (Rusedski et al, 2011).…”

Section: Families and Sports Participation Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative study of the impact of the London 2012 Olympics on families in the East Midlands of England: lessons for sports development policy and practice

Mackintosh

Darko

Rutherford

et al. 2014

Sport, Education and Society

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The dynamics and culture of families are central to individual and community sport and physical activity participation. This research project examined the lived experiences and dayto-day realities of the London 2012 Olympics from the perspectives of five families in the East Midlands region of England. The aims of the project were to assess the influence the Games had on shaping family sports participation, influencing social and health relationships within the families through sports and reactions to the 2012 Olympics. The study was conducted through the generation of rich qualitative data from pre and post Games interviews as well as production of video diary data by the families and young people themselves to gather micro level information on the realities of 'legacy' for families. Findings from this research project illustrate that prior parental socialisation into sport shaped current attitudes to legacy and children and mothers and fathers had mixed reactions to the actual presence of legacy. There are also clear sports development challenges around accessibility, cost, project design, the non family-friendly nature of some schemes present during the potential consumption of legacy that have consequences for future research in this embryonic area.Implications from the study include the need to locate the family as a more central concern for policy makers in sports development practice. The study has questioned the assumed virtuous legacy of the London 2012 Games from the perspective of families on a day-to-day micro level. Instead, a far more complex and diverse picture from the perspective of the family has been presented that requires further critical research on this little explored topic of policy and practice in sports development.

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Section: Families and Sports Participation Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative study of the impact of the London 2012 Olympics on families in the East Midlands of England: lessons for sports development policy and practice

Mackintosh

Darko

Rutherford

et al. 2014

Sport, Education and Society

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show abstract

“…However, scientific examination of the physiological adaptations of endurance and strength training combined into the same training session are still rare but provide some evidence of loading orderspecific adaptations due to the missing recovery when loadings are performed consecutively (9-11, 13, 20). As this training method can be considered as extremely time effective and time constraints are among the major reasons for restraining from regular physical activity in young adults (31), the aforementioned training regimen may help young adults to commit to regular physical activity while allowing sufficient time for other responsibilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness and Lean Mass Increases during Combined Training Independent of Loading Order

Schumann

Küüsmaa

Newton

et al. 2014

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: Although the benefits of combined endurance (E) and strength (S) training for the development of physical fitness and health are well known, scientific examination of the effect of loading order when E and S are combined into the same training session (E+S vs. S+E) is rare. This study investigated the effects of moderate frequency E+S versus S+E training on physical fitness, body composition and blood lipids. Methods:Physically active and healthy young men performed E+S (n=16) or S+E (n=18) training, 2-3 x·wk -1 for 24weeks. Endurance (by incremental bike test) and strength (by dynamic leg press) performance as well as body composition (by DXA), muscle cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis (by ultrasound) and blood lipids were determined before and after the intervention. Results: Time to exhaustion, aerobic power (W) and 1RM strength significantly increased in the two groups at week 24 (E+S 12-15%, p=0.003-0.001; S+E 16-17%, p<0.001) but no between-group difference was observed. Similarly, the two groups significantly increased total lean mass (E+S 3%, S+E 3%, both p=0.001) and muscle cross-sectional area (E+S 14%, p=0.001; S+E 16%, p<0.001) at week 24 to a similar extent. No significant changes in body fat or blood lipids were observed in either of the two groups at week 24. Conclusion: These results showed that moderate frequency (2-3 x·wk -1 ) combined E+S or S+E training led to significant improvements in physical fitness and lean body mass but did not induce significant changes in body fat or blood lipids. Furthermore, as no between-group differences were observed, these results indicate that loading order does not seem to affect training adaptations of healthy moderately active young men.

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“…Similarly, research has shown that having children reduces parents' participation in sport [41,42] presumably because parents' energy and time resources are exhausted during the process of child-rearing. Eberth and Smith [43] found that parents with children under two years old had negatively impacted participation in sports, while parents with children between ages two and 15, did not.…”

Section: Leisure Time As a Necessary Condition For The Emergence Of Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eberth and Smith [43] found that parents with children under two years old had negatively impacted participation in sports, while parents with children between ages two and 15, did not. Ruseski et al [42] concluded that individuals with a higher income were more likely to participate in physical activity in general, but may spend less time engaged in that activity. Downward and Riordan [41] suggest that in some cases, the form of employment and level of education are more influential than work hours and household income levels in determining sports participation.…”

Section: Leisure Time As a Necessary Condition For The Emergence Of Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Robots Get Bored and Invent Team Sports: A More Suitable Test than the Turing Test?

Trenchard¹

2018

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Increasingly, the Turing test-which is used to show that artificial intelligence has achieved human-level intelligence-is being regarded as an insufficient indicator of human-level intelligence. This essay extends arguments that embodied intelligence is required for human-level intelligence, and proposes a more suitable test for determining human-level intelligence: the invention of team sports by humanoid robots. The test is preferred because team sport activity is easily identified, uniquely human, and is suggested to emerge in basic, controllable conditions. To expect humanoid robots to self-organize, or invent, team sport as a function of human-level artificial intelligence, the following necessary conditions are proposed: humanoid robots must have the capacity to participate in cooperative-competitive interactions, instilled by algorithms for resource acquisition; they must possess or acquire sufficient stores of energetic resources that permit leisure time, thus reducing competition for scarce resources and increasing cooperative tendencies; and they must possess a heterogeneous range of energetic capacities. When present, these factors allow robot collectives to spontaneously invent team sport activities and thereby demonstrate one fundamental indicator of human-level intelligence.

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Family structure, time constraints, and sport participation

Cited by 65 publications

References 32 publications

A qualitative study of the impact of the London 2012 Olympics on families in the East Midlands of England: lessons for sports development policy and practice

A qualitative study of the impact of the London 2012 Olympics on families in the East Midlands of England: lessons for sports development policy and practice

Fitness and Lean Mass Increases during Combined Training Independent of Loading Order

When Robots Get Bored and Invent Team Sports: A More Suitable Test than the Turing Test?

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