Fan Cultures and Fan Communities

From Play to Political Action: Prosumerism on Fanvideo Meme Production

“…We understand that behind such practice lies the intimacy that fans develop with popular culture texts. This intimacy reveals shared values among fans and what they interpret about the fictional universes (see Busse & Gray, 2011;Hackley & Hackley, 2018). This is evident from the fact that most of the meanings shown up on the fanvideos require prior knowledge of the franchises.…”

“…Due to the level of engagement with the products they consume, fans distinguish themselves from ordinary consumers by seeking to consolidate and validate the values that make them stand together. Besides, they contribute to the enthusiasm in the consumption (Hills, 2013), and assign unique meanings to media texts (Busse & Gray, 2011;Hackley & Hackley, 2018). Thanks to the social interactions they form among themselves, they have established an effective exchange with the media products (Guschwan, 2012;Jenkins, 2006).…”

Ethical Frameworks and Ethical Modalities: Theorizing Communication and Citizenship in a Fluid World

“…Media scholars and fan experts Kristina Busse and Jonathan Gray argue that fan communities are not just imagined communities (W. Lance Bennett & Segerberg, ; R. G. Howard, ), but are also literal instantiations of Stanley Fish's interpretive communities. Interpretations and strategies for interpretations get worked out and reinforced through community discourse, social norms, and creative acts like writing, art, and music (Busse & Gray, ). Thus, fan communities develop a set of dominant interpretations for their text, which serve as the foundations for ethical frameworks.…”

Theorizing celebrity cultures: Thickenings of media cultures and the role of cultural (working) memory

“…In other words, the circulation of media representations of individuals in media can render them famous (instantaneously or slowly, for a shorter or a longer period of time) and recognizable for certain audiences. Second, even though certain media cultures consist of niche audiences built around specialized and niche media outlets, it would be a mistake to limit our conception of celebrity cultures' audiences to fan communities (Busse and Gray, 2011), thereby excluding other media consumers who may indeed be less inclined or even indifferent to (certain) celebrities. Third, just as media cultures are open and leaking, celebrity cultures are open and leaking.…”