The phonon properties of cubic boron nitride (cBN) with ultrahigh thermal conductivity have always been of great concern. Generally, due to the anharmonic effect, phonons undergo monotonic decay with increasing temperature. However, anomalous nonmonotonic phonon decay of longitudinal optical phonons (LO) is observed in cBN single crystals with low resistivity grown through the high-temperature and high-pressure catalytic method. Specifically, the temperature evolution of the Raman phonon properties of cBN single crystals in the range 100− 520 K has been studied. As temperature increases, the linewidth of LO first decreases and then increases, and the Raman intensity first increases and then decreases with a transition temperature. The nonmonotonic phonon decay is caused by both the electron− phonon Fano effect and the phonon−phonon anharmonic effect. At low temperatures, phonons are bound by electrons, and phonon decay is mainly dominated by the Fano effect. As the temperature increases, the Fano effect weakens, while the anharmonic effect gradually strengthens, leading to the appearance of a transition temperature. The results reveal the electron−phonon interaction in cBN, which will deepen the understanding of the phonon behavior in cBN.