“…Schultz and Linden (2014) demonstrate that women were only welcome as spectators to American sports under strict conditions—either as moral agents to calm down the unruly men or as consumers filling up the stands (Fink, Trail, & Anderson, 2002). Women have been met with suspicion when they deviated from these norms and claimed to be “fans” who went to see the sport of their own accord and have a “long-term, intensive emotional relationship” (Roose, Schäfer, & Schmidt-Lux, 2017, p. 4) with it rather than for family or social reasons (Cere, 2012; Crawford & Gosling, 2004; Davies, 1992; Dell, 1998; Montez de Oca & Cotner, 2018).…”