Far Eastern Lacquers: Classification by Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry

Burmester, Andreas

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1983.tb00660.x

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, it is known that water can blanch degraded lacquer and so organic solvents are the preferred cleaning material in the West. The cleaning of urushi should be approached with caution, as each lacquered object has its own characteristics and the quality of the lacquer and application method varies greatly (Burmester 1983: 54 Webb 2000. Therefore, a selection of cleaning solutions was tested before application to the whole object.…”

Section: Urushi Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The conservation and display of a Japanese helmet

Schmuecker

2007

Arms & Armour

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A Japanese urushi' helmet and crest from the 16th century were prepared for exhibition at the Royal Armouries Museum. Both objects presented complex issues concerning cleaning for aesthetic reasons and the restoration of missing areas. To assess the degree of lacquer deterioration and to develop an appropriate cleaning solution a number or low-tech analytical methods^ including UV light and pH measurement were used.One side of the crest was partially missing and Japanese and Western restoration techniques were researched in order to develop ideas for loss compensation. The fragile condition of the lacquer and thin, flexible nature of the object foimd that contemporary Japanese and common Western methods of restoration were inappropriate. Instead, a detachable, self-supporting painted mild steel sheet was used to recreate the crest's silhouette.

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Section: Urushi Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The conservation and display of a Japanese helmet

Schmuecker

2007

Arms & Armour

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“…Japanese lacquer, Urushi, is a natural polymer, which is used to decorate many types of crafts [1]. Raw lacquer is an oil-in-water emulsion that is traditionally collected as sap from specific Urushi trees [2]. Unlike synthetic paints that dry by solvent evaporation, Urushi dries by polymerization in moist air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike synthetic paints that dry by solvent evaporation, Urushi dries by polymerization in moist air. As a result, the molecules join together and form a hard, lustrous, and durable coating [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Japanese Lacquer under Wavelength Sensitivity of Light Radiation

Nakagoshi¹,

Yoshizumi

2011

MSA

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Degradation of Japanese lacquer caused by light irradiation was examined at various wavelengths. By exposing lacquer specimens to a narrow monochromatic light band isolated from dispersed polychromatic light emitted by a Xe lamp source, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of lacquer degradation could be determined on the basis of radiant energy. Tame-Urushi (brown) lacquer displayed peak degradation maxima at 220 and 315 nm. A broad shoulder peak was also observed in UVA. For Shu-Urushi (cinnabar) lacquer, in addition to peaks in the UVA–UVB range, a large degree of degradation was observed following exposure to light in the visible range. Ao-Urushi (green) lacquer showed similar characteristics, although it was less prone to degradation. Similarly, Shin-Urushi (black) lacquer showed little change in response to light, although UV light caused limited degradation. These results indicate that along with the damage caused by UVA and UVB, visible light in the range 510 - 650 nm may also have a significant degradation effect. Our results provide experimental evidence that Japanese lacquer responds differently to light of various wavelengths and that specific wavelengths, including visible light, can cause significant degradation

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] These investigators reported that two-stage pyrolysis-gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry is effective for the rapid analysis of lacquer films with only small amounts of sample and no sample preparation. Many articles on the use of this method for the examination of lacquer art objects and archaeological lacquer materials have been published, [15][16][17][18] including a useful review. 19,20 However, interpretation of electron impact mass spectra is complicated by molecular fragmentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%