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We present the discovery of the most distant OH megamaser to be observed in the main lines, using data from the MeerKAT International Giga-Hertz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) survey. At a newly measured redshift of z = 0.7092, the system has strong emission in both the 1665 MHz (L ≈ 2500 L⊙) and 1667 MHz (L ≈ 4.5 × 104 L⊙) transitions, with both narrow and broad components. We interpret the broad line as a high-velocity-dispersion component of the 1667 MHz transition, with velocity v ∼ 330 km s−1 with respect to the systemic velocity. The host galaxy has a stellar mass of M⋆ = 2.95 × 1010 M⊙ and a star-formation rate of SFR = 371 M⊙ yr−1, placing it ∼1.5 dex above the main sequence for star-forming galaxies at this redshift, and can be classified as an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. Alongside the optical imaging data, which exhibits evidence for a tidal tail, this suggests that the OH megamaser arises from a system that is currently undergoing a merger, which is stimulating star formation and providing the necessary conditions for pumping the OH molecule to saturation. The OHM is likely to be lensed, with a magnification factor of ∼2.5, and perhaps more if the maser emitting region is compact and suitably offset relative to the centroid of its host galaxy’s optical light. This discovery demonstrates that spectral line mapping with the new generation of radio interferometers may provide important information on the cosmic merger history of galaxies.
We present the discovery of the most distant OH megamaser to be observed in the main lines, using data from the MeerKAT International Giga-Hertz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) survey. At a newly measured redshift of z = 0.7092, the system has strong emission in both the 1665 MHz (L ≈ 2500 L⊙) and 1667 MHz (L ≈ 4.5 × 104 L⊙) transitions, with both narrow and broad components. We interpret the broad line as a high-velocity-dispersion component of the 1667 MHz transition, with velocity v ∼ 330 km s−1 with respect to the systemic velocity. The host galaxy has a stellar mass of M⋆ = 2.95 × 1010 M⊙ and a star-formation rate of SFR = 371 M⊙ yr−1, placing it ∼1.5 dex above the main sequence for star-forming galaxies at this redshift, and can be classified as an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. Alongside the optical imaging data, which exhibits evidence for a tidal tail, this suggests that the OH megamaser arises from a system that is currently undergoing a merger, which is stimulating star formation and providing the necessary conditions for pumping the OH molecule to saturation. The OHM is likely to be lensed, with a magnification factor of ∼2.5, and perhaps more if the maser emitting region is compact and suitably offset relative to the centroid of its host galaxy’s optical light. This discovery demonstrates that spectral line mapping with the new generation of radio interferometers may provide important information on the cosmic merger history of galaxies.
There has been a recent resurgence in hydroxyl (OH) megamaser research driven by Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursor/pathfinder telescopes. This will continue in the lead-up to the SKA mid-frequency array, which will greatly expand our view of OH megamasers and their cosmic evolution over ≳ 80 per cent of the age of the universe. This is expected to yield large scientific returns as OH megamasers trace galaxy mergers, extreme star formation, high molecular gas densities, and potentially binary/dual supermassive black hole systems. In this paper, we predict the distortion to the OH luminosity function that a magnification bias will inflict, and in turn, predict the distortion on the OH megamaser number counts as a function of redshift. We identify spectral flux density thresholds that will enable efficient lensed OH megamaser selection in large spectral line surveys with MeerKAT and SKA. The surface density of lensed galaxies that could be discovered in this way is a strong function of the redshift evolution of the OH megamaser luminosity function, with predictions as high as ∼1 lensed OH source per square degree at high redshifts (z ≳ 1) for anticipated SKA spectral line survey designs. This could enable efficient selection of some of the most highly-obscured galaxies in the universe. This high-redshift selection efficiency, in combination with the large survey speed of the SKA at ≲1 GHz frequencies and the high magnifications possible with compact OH emission regions (μOH ≫ 10), will enable a transformational view of OH in the universe.
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