“…The reduction in the lattice constant is the first indicator of the insertion of Yb into the cages of the Pb 1Àx Yb x Se 0.2 Te 0.8 structure, thus changing Pb þ2 ions (radius ¼ 1.2 Å) into smaller Yb þ3 ions (radius ¼ 1.008 Å). A small fraction of the Yb ions (x ¼ 0.015) in the thin film decreased because of the transfer from a magnetic Yb 3þ (4f 13 ) charge state to a non-magnetically active charge state Yb 2þ (4f 14 ), which is usually present in x ¼ 0.03e0.105 [19,20]. The strain of the lattice exhibited the same behavior (Fig.…”