Far-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction Rietveld structure refinement for the hydrothermal synthetic muscovite series, (a) KAl 3 (Si 3-y Ge y )O 10 (OH,OD) 2 , (b) KGa 3 (Si 3-y Ge y )O 10 (OH,OD) 2 , and (c) K(Al 3-x Ga x )Ge 3 O 10 (OH,OD) 2 , where x = 0.0-3.0, y = 0.0-3.0, and the muscovite-tobelite series, (d) [K 1-A (NH 4 ,ND 4 ) A ]Al 3 Si 3 O 10 (OH,OD) 2 , where A = 0.0-1.0, indicate that there is a complete solid-solution in each series. In the 200-50 cm -1 far-infrared region, four kinds of bands are observed: two bands due to octahedral deformation coupled with OH deformational vibrations between 240 and 130 cm -1 , an in-plane tetrahedral torsional band between 175 and 130 cm -1 , an interlayer I-O inner stretching band, and an I-O outer stretching band. The weak and broad 140 cm -1 band is assigned to K-O inner stretching and the strong broad 110 cm -1 band to K-O outer stretching in muscovite. The broad 175 cm -1 band is (NH 4 /ND 4 )-O inner stretching and the 140 cm -1 broad strong band is (NH 4 /ND 4 )-O outer stretching in tobelite. With increasing Ga→Al substitution, the I-O inner and I-O outer stretching bands shift to lower frequency, while with increasing Ge→Si substitution, the I-O inner stretching band shifts to higher frequency; the I-O outer stretching bands do not change as a function of composition.