Far-Red Radiation Reflected from Adjacent Leaves: An Early Signal of Competition in Plant Canopies

Ballaré, Carlos L.; Scopel, Ana L.; Sánchez, Rodolfo A.

doi:10.1126/science.247.4940.329

Cited by 599 publications

(474 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, this behavior can not be observed in soybean competition with hairy fleabane, because the increasing time interference decreased the soybean height. Changes in quality and light intensity, especially on red and far red wavelengths ratio incident on plants, affect the development of soybean cultivar (Ballaré et al, 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane competition in RR® soybean

et al. 2014

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Weed competition in the soybean causes changes in morphological and physiological characteristics that reduce the competitive ability of the crop. The objective of this study was to determine the control periods and coexistence of glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane and its interference in morphological and photosynthetic variables and RR soybean yield. A field experiment was conducted during the 2011/2012 growing season, the treatments consisted of weed interference and weed free periods of the glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane with soybean (BRS Estância RR). The periods were 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 154 days after the soybean emergence. The results sugested no differences between the control periods for the variables evaluated. The increase interference period of the weed reduced growth, development and the photosynthetic variables in the soybean. There are positive correlations between morphological and photosynthetic variables of soybean during the weed interference. The period before the glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane interference in the soybean crop is 24 days for plants established before the crop sowing.Key words: Glycine max, weed interference, photosynthesis.Competição de buva resistente a glifosato em soja RR  Resumo A convivência de plantas daninhas à soja altera características morfofisiológicas que comprometem a habilidade competitiva dessa cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os períodos de controle e de convivência de buva resistente ao herbicida glifosato e sua interferência em variáveis morfológicas e fotossintéticas e produtividade da cultura da soja RR. Experimento a campo foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2011/2012, no qual foram testados períodos de controle e de convivência da buva resistente ao glifosato com a cultura da soja (BRS Estância RR). Os períodos de controle e convivência foram 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 154 dias após a emergência da cultura. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferenças entre os períodos de controle para as variáveis avaliadas. O aumento do período de convivência da planta daninha prejudicou o crescimento, desenvolvimento e as variáveis fotossintéticas da cultura. As variáveis morfológicas da soja correlacionam-se positivamente com as variáveis fotossintéticas mensuradas durante o período de convivência da buva com a soja. O período anterior à interferência da buva resistente ao glifosato na cultura da soja é de 24 dias para plantas estabelecidas antes da semeadura da cultura.Palavras-chave: Glycine max, convivência, fotossíntese.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane competition in RR® soybean

et al. 2014

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“…This hypothesis was soon supported by a number of studies that demonstrated the following: (I) plants grown under full sunlight in the field respond to augmented FR radiation with increased elongation and apical dominance (Ballare et al 1987); (2) FR provides a reliable signal of the presence of neighbours well before plants experience a reduction in light availability (e.g. Ballare et al 1987); (3) the FR proximity signal is especially strong in the internodes (Ballare, Scopel & Sanchez 1989), which previous work had shown to be very sensitive to R:FR changes (Morgan, O'Brien & Smith 1980); (4) these changes in FR are quantitatively correlated with the density and proximity of the surrounding vegetation (Ballare et al 1989), and (5) filtering out FR from the light received by individual internodes in evenaged canopies can prevent the elongation response to crowding (Ballare et al 1990).…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ballare et al (1987Ballare et al ( , 1990 proposed that FR radiation reflected by neighbouring plants played an important role as an early warning signal of competition in growing canopies. This hypothesis was soon supported by a number of studies that demonstrated the following: (I) plants grown under full sunlight in the field respond to augmented FR radiation with increased elongation and apical dominance (Ballare et al 1987); (2) FR provides a reliable signal of the presence of neighbours well before plants experience a reduction in light availability (e.g.…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging for light: photosensory ecology and agricultural implications

Ballaré

Scopel

Sánchez

1997

Plant Cell & Environment

121

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This mini-review is concerned with one of the facets of the sensory physiology of plants that, in the last decade, has heen intensively studied using genetically altered plants and eco-physiological techniques -the perception of the proximity of neighhouring piants through specific informational photoreceptors. We focus on the signalling mechanisms that allow individual shoots to 'forage' for light in patchy and highly dynamic canopy environments. We present evidence from recent experiments suggesting that the fitness of each individual plant in the population, the growth of the population as a whole, and the degree of growth inequality among neighbours are all strongly dependent on the timing and precision of foraging mechanisms controlled, at least partially, hy phytochrome-B-like phytochromes. This evidence is discussed in the context of potential impacts on yield of agricultural crops resulting from the artificial alteration of plant sensitivity to proximity photo-signals. Directed overexpression of phytochrome genes appears to he an interesting avenue to explore in order to alter the photomorphogenesis of specific organs (or developmental stages) without affecting the overall ahility of the plants to forage for light.

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“…The red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratio (R:FR) in dense stands is lower because of absorption by leaves of R light and reflection of FR (Ballaré et al, 1990). A low R:FR serves as a signal for shade or competition for light, and plants respond by inhibiting axillary bud outgrowth, growing taller, and flowering earlier to avoid the detrimental effect of shade.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Tiller Bud Outgrowth in thetinMutant of Wheat Is Associated with Precocious Internode Development

et al. 2012

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Tillering (branching) is a major yield component and, therefore, a target for improving the yield of crops. However, tillering is regulated by complex interactions of endogenous and environmental signals, and the knowledge required to achieve optimal tiller number through genetic and agronomic means is still lacking. Regulatory mechanisms may be revealed through physiological and molecular characterization of naturally occurring and induced tillering mutants in the major crops. Here we characterize a reduced tillering (tin, for tiller inhibition) mutant of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The reduced tillering in tin is due to early cessation of tiller bud outgrowth during the transition of the shoot apex from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. There was no observed difference in the development of the main stem shoot apex between tin and the wild type. However, tin initiated internode development earlier and, unlike the wild type, the basal internodes in tin were solid rather than hollow. We hypothesize that tin represents a novel type of reduced tillering mutant associated with precocious internode elongation that diverts sucrose (Suc) away from developing tillers. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have observed upregulation of a gene induced by Suc starvation, downregulation of a Suc-inducible gene, and a reduced Suc content in dormant tin buds. The increased expression of the wheat Dormancy-associated (DRM1-like) and Teosinte Branched1 (TB1-like) genes and the reduced expression of cell cycle genes also indicate bud dormancy in tin. These results highlight the significance of Suc in shoot branching and the possibility of optimizing tillering by manipulating the timing of internode elongation.

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Far-Red Radiation Reflected from Adjacent Leaves: An Early Signal of Competition in Plant Canopies

Cited by 599 publications

References 19 publications

Glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane competition in RR® soybean

Glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane competition in RR® soybean

Foraging for light: photosensory ecology and agricultural implications

Inhibition of Tiller Bud Outgrowth in thetinMutant of Wheat Is Associated with Precocious Internode Development

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