Faraday rotation in an InP waveguide

Zaman, Tauhid; Guo, Xiaoyun; Ram, Rajeev J.

doi:10.1063/1.2430931

Cited by 91 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Standard approaches for optical isolation make use of magneto-optical properties (e.g. Faraday rotation), which however require large magnetic fields [9], and thus make it difficult for integration [10][11][12] on a small scale. To overcome this problem, other non-magnetic approaches have been proposed which, for example, rely on a dynamical modulation of the index of refraction [13], stimulated inter-polarization scattering based on opto-acoustic effects [14], modulated dielectric constant [15,16] or on optical non-linearities that lead to an intensity dependent isolation [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in microring resonators

Hafezi¹,

Rabl²

2012

Opt. Express

275

213

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We describe a new approach for on-chip optical non-reciprocity which makes use of strong optomechanical interaction in microring resonators. By optically pumping the ring resonator in one direction, the optomechanical coupling is only enhanced in that direction, and consequently, the system exhibits a non-reciprocal response. For different configurations, this system can function either as an optical isolator or a coherent non-reciprocal phase shifter. We show that the operation of such a device on the level of single-photon could be achieved with existing technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in microring resonators

Hafezi¹,

Rabl²

2012

Opt. Express

275

213

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“…If we define wavelength detuning as , we have |δ ADF,forward (λ 0 )| < |δ ADF,backward (λ 0 )|. This leads to a case in which forward transmission, T ADF,forward (λ 0 ), exceeds backward transmission, T ADF,backward (λ 0 ), because (3) and (4) where is a constant that is independent of propagation direction. Therefore, an ADF with asymmetric power coupling can function as an ONR device for strong optical inputs, and we call it the ONR initiator.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The schematics in Fig. 1, E and F, show that light couples into the microring in the ADF through two different gaps, G 2 and G 3 . If we define forward and backward input power as P c,f and P in,b , respectively, the optical energy stored in the microring near its resonant wavelength, λ ADF , can be expressed as (1) and (2) where Q ADF is the ring's loaded quality factor, Q G 2 and Q G 3 are power coupling quality factors that are exponentially proportional to the gap sizes, and K(λ) represents all other terms that are independent of propagation direction for a linear system (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

An All-Silicon Passive Optical Diode

Fan

Wang

Varghese

et al. 2012

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012

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A passive optical diode effect would be useful for on-chip optical information processing but has been difficult to achieve. Using a method based on optical nonlinearity, we demonstrate a forwardbackward transmission ratio of up to 28 decibels within telecommunication wavelengths. Our device, which uses two silicon rings 5 micrometers in radius, is passive yet maintains optical nonreciprocity for a broad range of input power levels, and it performs equally well even if the backward input power is higher than the forward input. The silicon optical diode is ultracompact and is compatible with current complementary metal-oxide semiconductor processing.Nonreciprocal transmission is fundamental to information processing. Electrical nonreciprocity, or the diode effect, had been realized in integrated form with a semiconductor p-n junction. Optical nonreciprocity (ONR) is inherently difficult because of the time-reversal symmetry of light-matter interaction (1). Previously reported observations of ONR were based on the magneto-optic effect (2-4), optical nonlinearity (5-8), electroabsorption modulation (9), cholesteric liquid crystals (10), optomechanical cavities (11), indirect interband photonic transitions (12), and the opto-acoustic effect (13). However, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible passive optical diodes with a footprint and functionality analogous to those of p-n junctions have not been realized at the near-infrared wavelengths that are preferred for silicon (Si) photonics.Our optical diode (Fig. 1A) is based on strong optical nonlinearity in high-quality factor (Q) Si microrings (14-17). It consists of a high-Q all-pass notch filter (NF) operating near the critical coupling regime (17) (Fig. 1B) and an add-drop filter (ADF) (14,16,18) with asymmetric power coupling to the bus waveguides (Fig. 1C) NF is thermally tuned to match that of the ADF through the thermooptic effect of silicon (19).A microring accumulates optical energy at its resonant wavelength. The schematics in Fig. 1, E and F, show that light couples into the microring in the ADF through two different gaps, G 2 and G 3 . If we define forward and backward input power as P c,f and P in,b , respectively, the optical energy stored in the microring near its resonant wavelength, λ ADF , can be expressed as (1) and (2) where Q ADF is the ring's loaded quality factor, Q G 2 and Q G 3 are power coupling quality factors that are exponentially proportional to the gap sizes, and K(λ) represents all other terms that are independent of propagation direction for a linear system (14).The energy enhancement factor in the ring depends on the propagation direction because of our asymmetric design (Q G 2 ≈ 300,000,Q G 3 ≈ 192,000, and Q ADF ≈ 43,800, all through curve-fitting), and (U forward /U backward ) = (Q G 3 /Q G 2 ) = 0.64 for P c,f = P in,b . With high input power at λ 0 = λ ADF , the power density inside the ring will be amplified substantially because of its high Q factors and small radius; this induces optical nonlineari...

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“…Ideally, an optical diode would allow total light transmission over a bundle of wavelengths in one direction, providing total isolation in the reverse direction. Previous * s.horsley@exeter.ac.uk work on non-reciprocal transmission has been based on either magneto-optical effects [6][7][8] or non linear processes [9,10]. Other mechanisms have also been explored [11][12][13] and realized experimentally [14], including more involved diode designs based on two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystals [15] or non-symmetric photonic crystal gratings exhibiting anomalous diffraction effects [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical Nonreciprocity of Cold Atom Bragg Mirrors in Motion

et al. 2013

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Reciprocity is fundamental to light transport and is a concept that holds also in rather complex systems. Yet, reciprocity can be switched off even in linear, isotropic and passive media by setting the material structure into motion. In highly dispersive multilayers this leads to a fairly large forwardbackward asymmetry in the pulse transmission. Moreover, in multilevel systems, this transport phenomenon can be all-optically enhanced. For atomic multilayer structures made of three-level cold 87 Rb atoms, for instance, forward-backward transmission contrast around 95% can be obtained already at atomic speeds in the meter per second range. The scheme we illustrate may open up avenues for optical isolation that were not previously accessible.PACS numbers: 42.50. Wk, 42.70.Qs, 42.50.Gy, 37.10.Vz Much attention has been devoted to the development of advanced materials and composite systems to achieve optical functionalities not readily available in natural media. Such optical metamaterials can be engineered to stretch the rules that govern light propagation and lightmatter interaction, potentially seeding a new paradigm in all-optical, optoelectronic and optomechanical devices. Photonic crystals and negatively refracting media are prominent instances of man-made systems the optical properties of which can be tailored to a great extent. Nevertheless, some tasks are more difficult than others. Already in the familiar process of linear reflection and transmission of light [1] it is in general hard to achieve non-reciprocity. In particular, multilayer photonic structures made with linear isotropic media with dissipation and/or gain may exhibit reflection non-reciprocity, i.e., an unbalance between the forward and backward reflectivities. There are even cases in which one of them can be made negligible and the other one can increase without limit with the sample thickness [2]; this occurs in the so called P T -symmetric media which exhibit a variety of peculiar optical properties [3,4]. Yet, it is not possible to achieve a non-reciprocal transmissivity in such linear and passive systems. Transmission reciprocity is almost ubiquitous in optics [1,5].Non-reciprocal transmission is however rather desirable for information processing and crucial to the development of optical-based functional components in photonics. In much the same way in which electrical nonreciprocity has been realized through diodes, devising an optical diode is challenging, even in theory. Ideally, an optical diode would allow total light transmission over a bundle of wavelengths in one direction, providing total isolation in the reverse direction. Previous * s.horsley@exeter.ac.uk work on non-reciprocal transmission has been based on either magneto-optical effects [6][7][8] or non linear processes [9,10]. Other mechanisms have also been explored [11][12][13] and realized experimentally [14], including more involved diode designs based on two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystals [15] or non-symmetric photonic crystal gratings exhibiting anomal...

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Faraday rotation in an InP waveguide

Cited by 91 publications

References 13 publications

Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in microring resonators

Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in microring resonators

An All-Silicon Passive Optical Diode

Optical Nonreciprocity of Cold Atom Bragg Mirrors in Motion

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