Farm and cow factors and their interactions on the incidence of retained placenta in holstein dairy cows

Mahnani, Abolfazl; Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi, A.; Mahyari, Saeid Ansari; Ghorbani, G.R.; Keshavarzi, Hamideh

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.007

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retained placenta (RP), a common multifactorial postpartum reproductive disease manifesting as failure to expel fetal membranes within 24 h of calving, increases the risk of developing metritis and infertility and reduces milk production and quality, causing great financial losses in the dairy industry (1)(2)(3)(4). The etiology, pathogenesis, and therapy of RP have been extensively explored by many researchers (4)(5)(6)(7). At present, the incidence of RP morbidity varies across countries and herds, which are closely related to the management and environment of herds; the physiological state of cows, namely, age, parity, heredity, hormones, and nutrition; and the condition of calves, such as stillbirth and twinning (4,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The etiology, pathogenesis, and therapy of RP have been extensively explored by many researchers (4)(5)(6)(7). At present, the incidence of RP morbidity varies across countries and herds, which are closely related to the management and environment of herds; the physiological state of cows, namely, age, parity, heredity, hormones, and nutrition; and the condition of calves, such as stillbirth and twinning (4,8). The complex etiology and pathogenesis bring huge challenges for researchers and clinical veterinarians in probing the pathogenesis and treatment schedule of RP (9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The complex etiology and pathogenesis of retained placenta (RP) bring huge challenges for researchers and clinical veterinarians in investigating the pathogenesis and treatment schedule. This study aims to investigate the pathogenesis of RP in dairy cows by plasma metabolomics. As subjects, 10 dairy cows with RP and 10 healthy dairy cows were enrolled according to strict enrollment criteria. Imbalanced antioxidant capacity, reduced Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and deregulation of total bilirubin (T-bil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and reproductive hormones were shown in dairy cows with RP by detecting biochemical indicators, oxidation and antioxidant markers, and cytokines in serum. Plasma metabolites were detected and analyzed by a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) system coupled with multivariate statistical analysis software. A total of 23 potential biomarkers were uncovered in the plasma of dairy cows with RP. The metabolic pathways involved in these potential biomarkers are interconnected, and the conversion, utilization, and excretion of nitrogen were disturbed in dairy cows with RP. Moreover, these potential biomarkers are involved in the regulation of antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and autocrine or paracrine hormone. All of these findings suggest that an imbalance of these potential biomarkers might be responsible for the imbalanced antioxidant capacity, reduced Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and deregulation of reproductive hormones in dairy cows with RP. The regulation of metabolic pathways involved in these potential biomarkers represents a promising therapeutic strategy for RP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Expulsion of fetal membranes involves multiple hormonal, physical and immunological changes [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Although retained placenta is a particularly predisposing factor for uterine infection [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], farm conditions along with cow factors of non-infectious cause and their interactions have been identified as main factors favoring this disorder [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Therefore, strategies to reduce the incidence of retained placenta in the herds cannot be overemphasized.…”

Section: Retained Placentamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uterus as an Influencing Factor for Late Embryo/Early Fetal Loss—A Clinical Update

Szelényi

Kovács

Szenci

et al. 2022

Animals

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Here we revise circumstances of non-infectious causes in which the uterus may be associated with pregnancy loss during the late embryo/early fetal period (following a positive pregnancy diagnosis in lactating dairy cows). As the uterine size increases with parity and pregnant heifers with no detrimental effects of a previous parturition, a primigravid uterus is proposed as a reference for identifying risk factors that negatively influence pregnancy in lactating cows. Cows suffering placenta retention or with a large uterus at insemination were selected as topics for this revision. Retained placenta, that occurs around parturition, has a long-lasting influence on subsequent pregnancy loss. Although retained placenta is a particularly predisposing factor for uterine infection, farm conditions along with cow factors of non-infectious cause and their interactions have been identified as main factors favoring this disorder. A large uterus (cervix and uterine horns lying outside the pelvic cavity) with no detectable abnormalities has been associated with low fertility and with a greater incidence of pregnancy loss. A large reproductive tract may well derive from an inadequate uterine involution. Therefore, peripartum management and strategies to reduce the incidence of uterine disorders should reduce their associated financial losses in the herds.

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“…In cases of RFM, the foetal part (cotyledon) of a placentome remains attached to the maternal part (caruncle). To date, although several factors that lead to RFM have been identified (Beagley et al., 2010; Mahnani et al., 2021), the precise biochemical and morphological mechanisms remain elusive. It is already known that in cattle, successful separation and expulsion of FM require orchestration of multiple hormonal, physical and immunological changes (Hansen, 2013; Miyoshi et al., 2002; Streyl et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages in bovine term placenta: An ultrastructural and molecular study

Hooshmandabbasi

Kazemian

Zerbe

et al. 2021

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Retention of foetal membranes (RFM) is a major reproductive disorder in dairy cows. An appropriate immune response is important for a physiological expulsion of the foetal membranes at parturition. Our study aims to provide a deeper insight into characteristics of foetal and maternal macrophages in bovine term placenta. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR to provide a deeper insight into characteristics of foetal and maternal macrophages in bovine term placenta. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR was used to define macrophage polarization in foetal and maternal compartments of normal term placenta. Gene expression of factors involved in M1 polarization [interferon regulatory factor‐5 (IRF5), interleukin (IL)‐12A, IL12B] and in M2 polarization (IL10) were studied. Ultrastructurally, foetal macrophages showed an irregular shape and large vacuoles, whereas the maternal macrophages were spindle shaped. By immunohistochemistry, macrophages were identified by a strong staining with the lysosomal marker Lysosome‐associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP‐1), while myofibroblast in the maternal stroma was positive for alpha‐smooth muscle actin. We used the LAMP‐1 marker to compare the density of foetal stromal macrophages in placentas of cows with RFM and in controls, but no statistically significant difference was observed. RT‐PCR showed a higher expression of all studied genes in the maternal compartment of the placenta and generally a higher expression of M1‐, compared to M2‐associated genes. Our results indicated that at parturition placental macrophages predominantly show the pro‐inflammatory M1 polarization. The higher expression of all the target genes in the maternal compartment may denote that maternal macrophages in bovine term placenta are more frequent than foetal macrophages.

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Farm and cow factors and their interactions on the incidence of retained placenta in holstein dairy cows

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows

Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows

The Uterus as an Influencing Factor for Late Embryo/Early Fetal Loss—A Clinical Update

Macrophages in bovine term placenta: An ultrastructural and molecular study

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