Farm income, inequality, and poverty among farm families of a flood-prone area in Bangladesh: climate change vulnerability assessment

Determinants of households’ livelihood diversification strategies to adapt with natural disasters: Evidence from ecologically vulnerable haor region of Bangladesh

“…Previous studies reported that about 80% of haor areas are covered by boro rice cultivation and another 10% is covered by transplanted Aman rice (Huda 2004;Khan et al 2012;Hoq et al 2021a). The results revealed that most of the haor households engaged in agriculture-based livelihood, especially in rice crop farming (only crop farming livelihood strategy), and they earn low and sometimes negative returns from crop farming but cannot stop due to nancial barriers and nding no alternative way; these ndings are supported by Alamgir et al (2020). The most lucrative livelihood strategy is found in pursuing crop plus livestock farming that generated higher income from crop and livestock sales.…”

“…Over the years, climate change has appeared as a threat to the natural life and livelihood of the haor community (Rahman et al 2018a). The haor delta of Bangladesh is lying below the northeastern Himalayan foothills very often faces heavy rainfall which causes ash oods and monsoon oods every year (Sarker et al 2014;Alamgir et al 2020).There are altogether 423 haors spread over seven northeastern districts of Bangladesh (Alam et al 2010, Kamruzzaman andShaw 2018), which are geographically isolated and ecologically vulnerable (Rabby et al, 2013;Seventh Fifth Year Plan, 2015-2020 and comprised an area of about 2.0 million hectares and accommodated about 19.4 million people (Sharma 2010;Kamruzzaman and Shaw 2018;Uddin et al 2019). More than 28% of the population in the haor areas lives below the poverty line which is signi cantly higher than the national average (20.5%) of Bangladesh (BBS, 2019).…”

The contribution of smallholders' livelihood activities on income inequality and poverty: Case study from rural Tanzania

“…The effect of crop income on poverty and income inequality varies over time. It can have an equalizing effect on income distribution (Alamgir et al, 2021;Babatunde, 2008;Reardon & Tayor, 1996), while other studies show the unequilizing effect of crop income (Awoyemi & Adeoti, 2006;Sujithkumar, 2008). Income from crop production is crucial because high crop income implies higher liquidity and can be seen as a starting point for investments in nonfarm businesses (van den Berg & Kumbi, 2006).…”

Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Pandemic to Tackle Climate Change-Led Risks in Bangladesh

“…The impact of climate change has made developing countries much more vulnerable than the rest of the world. Migration, salinization, crop damage, water contamination, food security and livelihood loss, infrastructure damage, disasters frequency and intensity increase, poverty, health problems, and rapid urbanization are all exacerbated by climate change (Abedin et al, 2019;Alam & Ahmed, 2010;Alamgir et al, 2020;Calzadilla et al, 2013). Bangladesh has already experienced the severity of these effects.…”

“…As a result, farming households are continued to have poor or negative net farm incomes. These are leading to poverty and inequality within the country (Alamgir et al, 2020). However, our daily life has been radically altered by the outbreak of COVID-19 and rendered us acutely aware of the ongoing vulnerability of society.…”