Farm-scale stormwater losses of sediment and nutrients from a market garden near Sydney, Australia

Hollinger, Eric; Cornish, Peter S; Baginska, Barbara; Mann, Robert A; Kuczera, George

doi:10.1016/s0378-3774(00)00107-4

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Phosphorus exports from dairy pasture and intensive horticulture (vegetable farms) were high: about 5 and 15 kg/ha.yr, with soluble phosphorus (P) dominating dairy runoff and particulate P the market gardens. Additional research provided further insight into the management factors leading to high P export loads (Hollinger et al, 2001;Cornish and Hollinger, unpublished) and scale effects (Cornish et al, 2002).…”

Section: Ps Cornishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Desorption Dynamics in Soil and the Link to a Dynamic Concept of Bioavailability

et al. 2004

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Soils under intensive livestock farming and heavily fertilized with animal manure may have elevated soil phosphorus (P) contents. We determined P desorption kinetics in batch experiments using soils from a pot experiment where grass was cropped on a P‐rich noncalcareous sandy soil without P addition, to lower the soil P content. A diffusion model was used to describe P desorption kinetics from a spherical aggregate. The model was calibrated with data from the batch experiments. Simulation results show that in the pot experiment, P desorption from the solid phase of the inner layers was initially far from equilibrium with the rest of the aggregate, but desorption came closer to equilibrium as the soil P content decreased further. A simple tool is presented, referred to as the dynamic bioavailability index (DBI), to determine whether kinetics of P desorption limits plant uptake. This tool is the dimensionless ratio of the modeled maximal diffusive flux from soil aggregates to solution and the plant uptake rate measured in the pot experiment. The DBI was initially much larger than one; the maximal possible P desorption rate exceeded the uptake rate, so uptake was not limited by desorption. The DBI stabilized at a value somewhat larger than one after a while, due to soil transport limitations. This decrease coincided with a large decrease of the P content in the grass to a value (far) below what is considered as optimal; the supply rate of P from soil to the root cannot meet the demand needed for optimal P uptake. The DBI could be seen as a promising onset to a new dynamic approach of bioavailability.

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Section: Ps Cornishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Desorption Dynamics in Soil and the Link to a Dynamic Concept of Bioavailability

et al. 2004

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“…For those events where time-based sampling was done, the event load was calculated using the methodology described by US EPA [20,21]. The results are presented as cumulative totals for the events monitored, similar to the farm scale water quality results presented by Hollinger et al [23].…”

Section: Calculation Of Nutrient and Sediment Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar process occurs during periods of heavy rainfall and flooding. The most important factors are those that influence the partitioning of incident water (rainfall or irrigation) between crop use and off-site movement (either via runoff or drainage), with important factors shown to be differences in ground cover [23,[30][31][32] and the soil moisture before the rainfall event. However, the amount of sediment generated for a given amount of runoff will also be influenced by the speed of the runoff and the ability of the runoff to detach and entrain soil particles.…”

Section: Impact Of Vegetable Crop Management Practices On Runoff and mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Practice Change on Runoff Water Quality and Vegetable Yield—An On-Farm Case Study

Nachimuthu

Halpin²,

Bell

2017

Agriculture

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Abstract:Intensive agricultural practices in farming systems in eastern Australia have been identified as a contributor to the poor runoff water quality entering the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). A field investigation was carried out to measure the off-farm water quality and productivity in a coastal farming system in northeastern Australia. Two vegetable crops (capsicum and zucchini) were grown in summer 2010-2011 and winter 2011 respectively using four different management practices (Conventional-plastic mulch, bare inter-row conventional tillage and commercial fertilizer inputs; Improved-improved practice with plastic mulch, inter-row vegetative mulch, zonal tillage and reduced fertilizer rates; Trash mulch-improved practice with cane-trash or forage-sorghum mulch with reduced fertilizer rates, minimum or zero tillage; and Vegetable only-improved practice with Rhodes grass or forage-sorghum mulch, minimum or zero tillage, reduced fertilizer rates). Results suggest improved and trash mulch systems reduced sediment and nutrient loads by at least 50% compared to conventional systems. The residual nitrate nitrogen in soil accumulated at the end-of-break crop cycle was lost by deep drainage before the subsequent sugarcane crop could utilize it. These results suggest that future research into establishing the linkages between deep drainage, groundwater quality and lateral movement into adjacent streams is needed. The improvement in runoff water quality was accompanied by yield reductions of up to 55% in capsicum and 57% in zucchini under trash mulch systems, suggesting a commercially unacceptable trade-off between water quality and productivity for a practice change. The current study has shown that variations around improved practice (modified nutrient application strategies under plastic mulch, but with an inter-space mulch to minimize runoff and sediment loss) may be the most practical solution to improve water quality and maintain productivity. However, more work is required to optimize this approach and thus reduce the size of any potential productivity and profitability gap that would necessitate an expensive policy intervention to implement.

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“…As an important theoretical issue in earth sciences many studies on scale effect on specific sediment yield and runoff have been published in hydrology and geomorphology (Church and Slaymaker 1989;Owens and Slaymaker 1992;Andrle 1996;Imeson and Lavee 1998;Yin and Wang 1999;Xu and Yan 2005;Yan and Xu 2006). Though studies found sediment is generated from various sources within basins, such as hillslope and channel erosions, and many studies on suspended sediment concentration have been conducted in farm fields (Collins et al 1997;Oygarden et al 1997;Hollinger et al 2001;Russell et al 2001), or/and in river system (Bull 1997;Lawler et al 1999) providing important information on processes of erosion and deposition as well as hydraulics and water quality, studies on suspended sediment concentration were scarcely reported at continuously spatial scales from sloping surfaces to basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of spatial scale on suspended sediment concentration in flood season in hilly loess region on the Loess Plateau in China

et al. 2007

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Suspended sediment concentration is a major variable influencing soil erosion and loss, study on which at different spatial scales is of great meaning to understand soil erosion mechanism and sediment transport process. Based on data from 4 sloping surfaces and 7 basins ranging from 0.0003 to 187 km 2 in area, the suspended sediment concentration in flood season (SSC) with drainage area is studied. With increasing drainage area on the slope surfaces, the mean suspended sediment concentration in flood season (MSSC) enhances continuously until a peak value of 685 kg m -3 occurs at the whole slope surface No. 7 runoff plot resulting from harder and harder erosion forms downslope. Entering basin systems, the diluted action of subsurface water on the toeslope on MSSC and small water flow power W make a minimum MSSC value of 568 kg m -3 occur in the first-order basin system Tuanshangou basin at an area of 0.18 km 2 , and then from Tuanshangou basin to larger basins, the positive feedback function among drainage density, water flow energy, and hyperconcentrated flow as well as its reduction of settling velocity of coarser particles generates continuously increasing MSSC with drainage area.

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Farm-scale stormwater losses of sediment and nutrients from a market garden near Sydney, Australia

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Phosphorus Desorption Dynamics in Soil and the Link to a Dynamic Concept of Bioavailability

Phosphorus Desorption Dynamics in Soil and the Link to a Dynamic Concept of Bioavailability

Impact of Practice Change on Runoff Water Quality and Vegetable Yield—An On-Farm Case Study

Effect of spatial scale on suspended sediment concentration in flood season in hilly loess region on the Loess Plateau in China

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