“…We know that neoliberalism (in its variety) affects the environment by transforming human relationships to it through commodification (Castree, 2010(Castree, : 1731Heynen et al, 2007); we also know that farmers in many parts of the world expressly value their individual and professional freedom, often referred to as 'autonomy' or independence (Emery, 2015, Gasson, 1973, Mooney, 1988, Stock and Forney, 2014and van der Ploeg, 2008. Can we get a sense of how these two realities are related by comparing farmers' autonomy at higher levels of aggregation?…”
Section: Neoliberalism Autonomy and The Farmed Environmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Actual autonomy, on the other hand, involves collective freedom for farmers as a social class [albeit acknowledging class differentiation within the farming sector] such that individual freedoms are integrally connected to the ongoing reproduction of the farming sector. In this way, actual autonomy is a social tool to navigate, mitigate and undermine neoliberalism ( Emery, 2015, Stock and Forney, 2014and van der Ploeg, 2008.…”
Section: Neoliberalism and Autonomy On The Farmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For some farmers the prospect of "going dairy" (which meant either physically converting a sheep/beef farm or moving to a more-dairy friendly farm) represented a way to stay farming, a chance to maintain some semblance of individual autonomy while succumbing to some perceived impingements on that autonomy including increased labour hours, hiring staff, and a more physically demanding type of farming. This idea of continuity, expressed by some who converted sheep farms to dairy, indicated that the act of continuing farming itself was more autonomous than giving it up to do anything else (Forney and Stock, 2014). The wider neoliberal shift in New Zealand, partially parallel with the development of Fonterra, has converted farming from a culturally important and autonomous lifestyle (see Stock and Peoples, 2012 on this aspect), into an emphasis on the farm as a business first, as this North Canterbury farmer describes:…”
Section: New Zealandmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The farms and producers within the NFW experiment and tinker with processes, products and practices within the territory to mutually arrive at solutions that are best for the territory -out of a sense of care for both the land and its people (van der Ploeg, 2008). The move for territorial cooperatives is away from the "Expert" toward knowledge production and processes respectful of the local and indigenous (Forney and Stock, 2014). For the NFW, the shift from manure as waste to the creation of "good manure" involved a renegotiated relationship between farmers and the agrifood science infrastructure of the area.…”
“…We know that neoliberalism (in its variety) affects the environment by transforming human relationships to it through commodification (Castree, 2010(Castree, : 1731Heynen et al, 2007); we also know that farmers in many parts of the world expressly value their individual and professional freedom, often referred to as 'autonomy' or independence (Emery, 2015, Gasson, 1973, Mooney, 1988, Stock and Forney, 2014and van der Ploeg, 2008. Can we get a sense of how these two realities are related by comparing farmers' autonomy at higher levels of aggregation?…”
Section: Neoliberalism Autonomy and The Farmed Environmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Actual autonomy, on the other hand, involves collective freedom for farmers as a social class [albeit acknowledging class differentiation within the farming sector] such that individual freedoms are integrally connected to the ongoing reproduction of the farming sector. In this way, actual autonomy is a social tool to navigate, mitigate and undermine neoliberalism ( Emery, 2015, Stock and Forney, 2014and van der Ploeg, 2008.…”
Section: Neoliberalism and Autonomy On The Farmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For some farmers the prospect of "going dairy" (which meant either physically converting a sheep/beef farm or moving to a more-dairy friendly farm) represented a way to stay farming, a chance to maintain some semblance of individual autonomy while succumbing to some perceived impingements on that autonomy including increased labour hours, hiring staff, and a more physically demanding type of farming. This idea of continuity, expressed by some who converted sheep farms to dairy, indicated that the act of continuing farming itself was more autonomous than giving it up to do anything else (Forney and Stock, 2014). The wider neoliberal shift in New Zealand, partially parallel with the development of Fonterra, has converted farming from a culturally important and autonomous lifestyle (see Stock and Peoples, 2012 on this aspect), into an emphasis on the farm as a business first, as this North Canterbury farmer describes:…”
Section: New Zealandmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The farms and producers within the NFW experiment and tinker with processes, products and practices within the territory to mutually arrive at solutions that are best for the territory -out of a sense of care for both the land and its people (van der Ploeg, 2008). The move for territorial cooperatives is away from the "Expert" toward knowledge production and processes respectful of the local and indigenous (Forney and Stock, 2014). For the NFW, the shift from manure as waste to the creation of "good manure" involved a renegotiated relationship between farmers and the agrifood science infrastructure of the area.…”
“…And there were enough people prepared to do it that set up a board and they got going. (Banking key informant)The cultural autonomy of UK farmers is well established in the literature (Sutherland and Burton ; Stock and Forney ; Stock et al . ).…”
Section: Capital Exchange In the Development Of Machinery Rings In Scmentioning
Recent years have seen a proliferation of state supports to increase agriculture and rural economic development through co-operative ventures. Implicit or explicit in these activities is the mobilisation of social capital to achieve economic aims. To date, few studies have addressed the long term evolution of social capital-based relationships. In this article, we assess the evolving role of social capital in an agricultural co-operative, using the development of machinery rings in Scotland as a case-study. Drawing on Bourdieu's conceptualisation of capital exchange, we explore the establishment, formalisation, and commoditisation of different capitals embedded in the rings. Findings demonstrate that a range of capital types was important at each stage of machinery ring development, enabling them to evolve in relation to the changes affecting the agriculture industry in Scotland. Early adoption of advanced information technologies enabled the mobilisation of network resources and successful service provision across increasing geographical scales. Through formalisation, the rings became sources of human, social, and economic capitals -access to which could be purchased by new ring members. This formalisation process ultimately led to the establishment of the rings as economically viable businesses, but also a shift in identity from farmer collaboration to commercial service provision.
1. We examine collective action in the food system of the Canadian Maritimes to determine its effect on the resilience and adaptive capacity of food producers, distributors, retailers and governance institutions.2. Our data suggest that beyond their immediate benefits for their participants, expressions of collective action generate higher-level impacts which often translate into drivers of adaptive capacity.
Drawing on a metaphor from urban design, we suggest that collective actionshould be considered a desire line for food systems adaptation: rather than building adaptation strategies based on top-down design, collective action emerges from farmers' needs and capacities to build financial resilience, enhance human and social capital and strengthen institutional agency within the system.
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