Farmers' insect pest management practices and pesticidal plant use in the protection of stored maize and beans in Southern Africa

Kamanula, John F.; Sileshi, Gudeta W.; Belmain, Steven R.; Sola, Phosiso; Mvumi, Brighton M.; Nyirenda, G.K.C.; Nyirenda, Stephen P.; Stevenson, Philip C.

doi:10.1080/09670874.2010.522264

Cited by 95 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is confirmed by the higher number of insects per grain sample and grain damage in the untreated grain samples compared to those treated with Actellic Chirindamatura ® dust and different plant powder treatment rates. Several plant powders have been reported to be effective in protecting stored grain products for periods of at most 24 weeks (six months) (Kamanula et al, 2010). Although there was a notable increase in live insect infestation and weight loss of grain treated with plant powders especially for T. minuta, from three to six months after grain treatment, comparison with the untreated grains still indicated that that grain treated with plant powders was better protected against S. zeamais than untreated grain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although S. zeamais can be effectively controlled by synthetic insecticides such as Shumba Super® 200G (Fenitrothion 1% Deltamethrin 0.13%) and Actellic Gold Chirindamatura® Dust (Pirimiphos-methyl 16 g/kg mass/mass and Thiamexotham 3.6 g/kg mass/mass) (Mashavakure, 2012;Mulungu et al, 2010) the majority of farmers in developing countries are resource poor and have neither the means nor the skill to obtain and handle pesticides appropriately (Kamanula et al, 2010). The increasing costs of application of the currently used synthetic pesticides, poor information and the often erratic supply of insecticides have emerged as the reasons for the farmers' reluctance to use pesticides (Asawalam and Hassanali, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eucalyptus grandis and Tagetes minuta leaf powders effectively protect stored maize against Sitophilus zeamais without affecting grain organoleptic properties

Musundire¹,

Mazodze²,

Macheka³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Use of plant compounds in grain protection has shown great potential as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the efficacy of Eucalyptus grandis and Tagetes minuta ground leaf powders as grain protectants against Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize. Effect of leaf powders were evaluated on percent germination, percent weight loss of grain, insect infestation, grain colour and odour over 192 days (≈six months) duration. Leaf powders (2.5 and 5 g/kg), synthetic pesticide (Actellic Chirindamatura dust (0.5 g/kg)) and an untreated control were used as treatments. All plant powders significantly minimized grain damage and infestation 96 days post treatment (≈three months) and had no effect on percent germination of maize grains when compared to controls. However, variable responses dependent upon botanical plant cultivars and rate of application were observed from three to six months after application. Grain colour and odour were not affected by plant powders over six months of storage. E. grandis and T. minuta significantly reduce grain damage and insect infestation with no adverse effects on seed germination, colour and odour hence can be used as sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides in maize storage especially by smallholder farmers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eucalyptus grandis and Tagetes minuta leaf powders effectively protect stored maize against Sitophilus zeamais without affecting grain organoleptic properties

Musundire¹,

Mazodze²,

Macheka³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…Analytical chemistry is required in the selection of elite plant materials being chosen for propagation or cultivation to ensure that they are effective Sarasan et al 2011). One good example of a cultivated multi-use species with pesticidal properties is Tephrosia vogelii Hook f., which has been used across Africa as a pesticide, as animal fodder and for improving soil fertility (Burkill 1995;Mafongoya and Kuntashula 2005;Neuwinger 2004;Kamanula et al 2011: Fig. 1).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Pesticidal Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of indigenous ecological resources for pest control in Africa

Grzywacz

Stevenson

Mushobozi³

et al. 2013

Food Sec.

117

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Reducing the losses from crop pests will help to increase food availability and boost economic growth in subSaharan Africa (SSA). However, the existing crop protection paradigm that relies on synthetic agrochemical pesticides has had only a marginal impact on the productivity of many poor smallholder farmers who constitute a major segment of agriculture in SSA. This is primarily because many of them are not able to afford or access these imported chemicals. A solution to this crop protection problem may be to harness biological resources that are locally available, such as endemic insect natural enemies and indigenous pesticidal plant materials. Two specific examples of this already under development in Africa are the use of the pesticidal plant, Tephrosia vogelii, and the harvesting of the endemic insect baculovirus, Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV). Both of these can be produced locally and have shown promise in trials as inexpensive and effective tools for pest control in Africa and their use is currently being scaled up and evaluated by African networks of researchers. A focus on these systems illustrates the potential for using locally-available natural resources for improved crop protection in Africa. The consideration of these pesticidal plants and insect natural enemies in the wider context of natural capital that provide valuable ecosystem services (including pest control), will facilitate greater recognition of their true economic and societal worth. While both of these model systems show promise, there are also very significant challenges to be overcome in developing production, supply and marketing systems that are economically viable and sustainable. The regulatory environment must also evolve to accommodate and facilitate the registration of new products and the establishment of appropriate supply chains that share the benefits of these resources equitably with the local communities from which they are harvested.

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“…After harvest, the smallholder farmers mainly store their maize in plastic sacks until its consumption (Kamanula et al, 2010). Prostephanus truncatus is known as the most destructive storage pest causing post-harvest losses on stored maize in the eastern and southern Africa including Malawi (Farrell et al, 1996;Denning et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superiority of Malawian orange local maize variety in nutrients, cookability and storability

Murayama¹,

Yamazawa²,

Munthali³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of an orange Malawian local maize variety MW5021 by comparing with a hybrid variety DKC-9089 for nutritional quality and processing properties such as proximate and mineral composition as well as pasting and thermal properties of the flour, and resistance against Prostephanus truncatus infestation during storage of the grain. Maize plants sampled for the experiments were cultivated under three different fertilizer applications, namely 0, 92 and 184 kg-N/ha, considering the chemical fertilizer input among Malawian smallholder farmers. Even without fertilizer input, significantly higher contents of crude protein, Mg, P, Ca, Fe and Zn were observed in MW5021, as compared with DKC-9089. Among pasting properties, setback of the flour slurry from MW5021 was significantly lower than DKC-9089 for all fertilizer treatments. Two-way ANOVA indicated that MW5021 had significantly lower number of grains damaged by P. truncatus than DKC-9089, throughout 12 weeks of storage experiment at 28±2°C. Thus, this study revealed that the Malawian orange local variety MW5021 retained by the smallholder farmers has considerably higher nutritional quality and P. truncatus resistance as well as lower retrogradation hardening after cooking the flour, than the hybrid maize DKC-9089.

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Farmers' insect pest management practices and pesticidal plant use in the protection of stored maize and beans in Southern Africa

Cited by 95 publications

References 10 publications

Eucalyptus grandis and Tagetes minuta leaf powders effectively protect stored maize against Sitophilus zeamais without affecting grain organoleptic properties

Eucalyptus grandis and Tagetes minuta leaf powders effectively protect stored maize against Sitophilus zeamais without affecting grain organoleptic properties

The use of indigenous ecological resources for pest control in Africa

Superiority of Malawian orange local maize variety in nutrients, cookability and storability

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