Farmers' livelihood vulnerability to climate-related risks in the North Wello Zone, northern Ethiopia

Vulnerability of household livelihoods to climate variability and change in the central rift valley sub-basin of Ethiopia

“…The approach of applying LVI-IPCC at AES scale could be applicable to other climate vulnerable mountainous regions. ","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Simane","given":"Belay","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zaitchik","given":"Benjamin F.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Foltz","given":"Jeremy D.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","id":"ITEM-3","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"page":"39-65","title":"Agroecosystem specific climate vulnerability analysis: application of the livelihood vulnerability index to a tropical highland region","type":"article-journal","volume":"21"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=938cb9ef-e625-4bb9-afe9-c468cae7e533"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"[1]–[3]","manualFormatting":"[14,18,19,20]","plainTextFormattedCitation":"[1]–[3]","previouslyFormattedCitation":"[1]–[3]"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[ 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. It is a balanced weighted average approach ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"abstract":"PC-IHACRESIdentification of unit hydrographs and component flows from rainfall, evaporation and streamflow dataPC-IHACRES uses a transfer function/unit hydrograph (UH) method for continuous simulation, catchment-scale (spatially lumped), rainfall-runoff modelling.…”

“…","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sullivan","given":"CA","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Meigh","given":"J.R","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fediw","given":"TS","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Center for Ecology and Hydrology CEH. Natural …","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"number-of-pages":"53","publisher-place":"London","title":"Derivation and Testing of the Water Poverty Index Phase 1","type":"report","volume":"1"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f4694f14-c16a-4d77-a7b0-cb5f78355f56"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"[4]","manualFormatting":"[20]","plainTextFormattedCitation":"[4]","previouslyFormattedCitation":"[4]"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[ 20 ]. No a priori assumption exists on the importance of each sub-component in the overall sum.…”

“…Overall, the article shows that three different vulnerability assessment indices can be broadly applied in comparable setting in other areas of country and they could usefully establish the basis for a nationally applicable index to identify and prioritize adaptation and mitigation needs. ","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Huong","given":"Nguyen Thi Lan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Yao","given":"Shunbo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fahad","given":"Shah","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Human and Ecological Risk Assessment","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"page":"1157-1175","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","title":"Assessing household livelihood vulnerability to climate change: The case of Northwest Vietnam","type":"article-journal","volume":"25"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2a9e1e23-0946-47ff-82ce-92071148ef92"]},{"id":"ITEM-3","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1007/s10708-020-10159-7","ISBN":"0123456789","ISSN":"1572-9893","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tessema","given":"Israel","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Simane","given":"Belay","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"GeoJournal","id":"ITEM-3","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"page":"1767-1783","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","title":"Smallholder Farmers ’ perception and adaptation to climate variability and change in Fincha sub-basin of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia","type":"article-journal","volume":"86"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=996d52f1-7172-426c-88bf-6dd2a3a726cc"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"[5]–[7]","manualFormatting":"[14,18,20]","plainTextFormattedCitation":"[5]–[7]","previouslyFormattedCitation":"[5]–[7]"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[ 14 , 18 , 20 ].…”

“… [ 14 , 19 ] 3.2) Households who haven't heard about climate change % of households who have not heard about climate change before [ 18 , 19 ] 3.3) Farmers who use weather forecasts to make decisions Inverse of % of households that use a weather forecast for farming decisions 3.4) Households who received climate change training Inverse of % of households who said they had climate change training [ 18 , 32 ] 4) Technology (4) 4.1) Households use insecticides and pesticides Inverse of % of households use insecticide and pesticide [ 15 , 17 , 18 ] 4.2) Households applied fertilizer Inverse of % of the households use fertilizer 4.3) Households use climate-resilient varieties of seed Inverse of % of the households that use climate-resilient varieties of seed 4.4) Households practice irrigation Inverse of % of the households that engaged in irrigation 5) Social Networks (6) 5.1) Average borrow: Lend money ratio (Range: 0.5–2) Ratio of a household borrowing money in the past 12 months to a household lending money in the past 12 months through social networks, e.g., If a household borrowed money but did not lend money, the ratio would be 2:1 or 2, and if they lent money but did not borrow any, the ratio would be 1:2 or 0.5. [ 20 , 36 ] 5.2) Households who did not help others in the past 12 months % of households who did not help others (e.g., medical care, farm tools, child care, helping the household to sell goods/animal products) [ 15 , 26 , 46 ] 5.3) Households who received help from others % of households who received help from others …”

“…Refs. [ 14 , 20 ] have suggested that the LVI and LVI-IPCC indices were developed to provide development organizations and local policymakers with a means of assessing socio-demographic, livelihood strategies, health, water insecurity, and other related factors that contribute to climate change vulnerability at the community and district levels. With regards to core methodology, the researchers used LVI and the LVI-IPCC, which were introduced by Ref.…”