Farmers’ Satisfaction with Land Expropriation System Reform: A Case Study in China

Abstract

Farmers’ satisfaction with reform of the land expropriation system has not been fully examined, so it is difficult to comprehensively and successfully judge the effectiveness of the reforms. Traditional statistical methods cannot accurately explain the relationship between the variables. In order to fully understand the implementation, progress, and applicability of land expropriation system reform, this paper analyzes the factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction, presents the shortcomings of land expropriation system reform, and puts forward improvement suggestions. Taking the land expropriation system reform pilot in Dingzhou city as an example, this paper investigates the satisfaction of the farmers who have had their land expropriated by establishing a structural equation model (SEM) to obtain feedback on the implementation effect of the pilot work. The results show that the factors affecting farmers’ satisfaction with the reform of land expropriation systems can be summarized into four variables: land expropriation compensation standard, land income distribution, land expropriation security mode, and land expropriation procedure. The parameter estimation between these four potential variables and their corresponding observation variables shows that, in the process of land expropriation, the comparison of land expropriation compensation standards and observation variables with market entry projects is an important factor affecting the satisfaction of farmers with regard to land expropriation. The income of municipal and county governments and village collective incomes have a great impact on farmers, indicating that the satisfaction of farmers is not only related to the absolute level of compensation and income, but is also affected by the relative level. In addition, providing farmers with a variety of reasonable security methods is an important element to enable the smooth progress of land expropriation. Furthermore, attention should also be paid to the formulation of land expropriation schemes and emergency plans to solve land expropriation conflicts.

Agriculture land use transformation: A threat to sustainable food production systems, rural food security, and farmer well-being?

“…Farmers were not well-suited to urban living due to unfamiliar rules and regulations and social exclusion [59]. Conflicts related to property rights, resources, and development arose during land expropriation, leading to a reduction in the livelihood and well-being of farmers who lost their land [60]. Thus, we formulized the following two hypotheses: H2: The land expropriation influences the farmers' livelihood.…”

Exploration of the regional correlation and network structure characteristics of land prices: A case study of Hebei, China

“…In order to ensure the scientific rationality of the survey data, we used the relevant research methods of Chenxi Li et al (2021) to verify and analyze the quality of the survey data, including data validity test and reliability analysis.…”

Special Sacrifice and Determination of Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation in the Urbanization Process—A Perspective of Legal Practice

“…U.S. property laws establish the constitutional test of reasonable compensation as one that compensates the owner of the property for the fair market value of its present value plus the discounted price for its future earnings [41]. Compensation for land expropriation in Canada is usually settled through informal negotiations between the statutory expropriating organization and the expropriated party.…”

“…For example, in the United States, under the just compensation approach, the average market price of land at the time of expropriation is used as the basis for compensation, and the derived value of the land is added to arrive at the compensation benchmark. Based on the current value of the land, the expected benefits should be fully considered, and the employment possibilities of the landless farmers should be taken into account to ensure their self-sufficiency [4]. The internationally accepted compensation standard is determined based on the market value of the expropriated land, fully taking into account factors such as the financial loss of the aggrieved party, the utilization status of the land, the land market, the history of compensation for past expropriations, the time of expropriation, and the composition of the investments into the land [5].…”

“…Based on the analysis of Chinese provincial and local legislative texts, Qu Maohui and Zhou Zhifang believed that China should unify legislation on land expropriation, establish the principle of just compensation according to market value, construct a reasonable mechanism to constrain the power of expropriation compensation and clarify the calculation formula of expropriation compensation standards [15]. Li et al analyzed the satisfaction levels of the expropriated farmers by developing a structural equation model (SEM) and concluded that the compensation standard for land expropriation is an important factor affecting farmers' satisfaction levels with land expropriation [16]. From the perspective of the comprehensive value of farmland resources, Zhu Peixin et al deconstructed the composition of compensation standards for land expropriation into three parts-agricultural economic value, social value, and ecological and environmental value-and quantified and measured them by the income capitalization method, the cost alternative method and the willingness to pay method, respectively [17].…”