Farnesol inhibits translation to limit growth and filamentation in C. albicans and S. cerevisiae

Egbe, Nkechi Eucharia; Dornelles, Tawni; Paget, Caroline Mary; Castelli, Lydia M.; Ashe, Mark P.

doi:10.15698/mic2017.09.589

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…This ability of facile invasion is due to a combination of a weakening of the host's immune system and important virulence factors of C. albicans (Höfs et al 2016). Among the virulence factors of C. albicans in superficial and systemic infections is the ability to morphologically transition between yeast and hyphae forms, as well as the ability to form biofilms (Borghi et al 2016;Egbe et al 2017;Mayer et al 2013;Vila et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical strains of Lactobacillus reduce the filamentation of Candida albicans and protect Galleria mellonella against experimental candidiasis

et al. 2017

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Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen and can grow as yeast or filaments, depending on the environmental conditions. The filamentous form is of particular interest because it can play a direct role in adherence and pathogenicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three clinical strains of Lactobacillus on C. albicans filamentation as well as their probiotic potential in pathogen-host interactions via an experimental candidiasis model study in Galleria mellonella. We used the reference strain Candida albicans ATCC 18804 and three clinical strains of Lactobacillus: L. rhamnosus strain 5.2, L. paracasei strain 20.3, and L. fermentum strain 20.4. First, the capacity of C. albicans to form hyphae was tested in vitro through association with the Lactobacillus strains. After that, we verified the ability of these strains to attenuate experimental candidiasis in a Galleria mellonella model through a survival curve assay. Regarding the filamentation assay, a significant reduction in hyphae formation of up to 57% was observed when C. albicans was incubated in the presence of the Lactobacillus strains, compared to a control group composed of only C. albicans. In addition, when the larvae were pretreated with Lactobacillus spp. prior to C. albicans infection, the survival rate of G. mellonela increased in all experimental groups. We concluded that Lactobacillus influences the growth and expression C. albicans virulence factors, which may interfere with the pathogenicity of these microorganisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical strains of Lactobacillus reduce the filamentation of Candida albicans and protect Galleria mellonella against experimental candidiasis

et al. 2017

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“…When exposed to increasing farnesol concentrations (0, 3, 30, and 300 μM), morphological transition from yeast to hyphal forms was prevented at the highest concentration[ 22 ]. When exposed to farnesol at concentrations of 1-50 μmM, a decrease in the pathogenicity of C. albicans was noted due to the inhibition of hyphae formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of farnesol and lyticase on the formation of Candida albicans biofilm

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that has both yeast and filamentous forms. It is part of the normal flora in the oral and genital areas of mammals. One factor for the pathogenicity of C. albicans is its ability to switch from yeast to hyphae. The hyphal form adheres and penetrates tissues more readily than the yeast form and produces biofilms that are associated with chronic infection. Biofilms are protective niches that enable microorganisms to be more resistant to antibiotic treatment, thus allowing for persistent infection. The first stage in the transition from yeast to hyphae involves the formation of a germ tube, and this transition is triggered by interactions with host cells. Germ tube formation is dependent on serum, pH, temperature, and quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs). Farnesol, which is a QSM in C. albicans, can prevent yeast to hyphae conversion and inhibits the growth of fungal biofilm. Lyticase is a synergistic enzyme complex that catalyzes yeast cell lysis by β-1,3-glucanase and is a highly specific alkaline protease that produces protoplasts or spheroplasts. This study investigated the effect of farnesol and lyticase on the formation of C. albicans biofilms. Materials and Methods: C. albicans ATCC 2091 was cultivated on liquid and solid Sabouraud media. The presence of C. albicans was confirmed using HiCrome Candida Agar chromogenic medium. Enzyme activities were assayed using a HiCandida Identification Kit. The morphology and densitometry parameters of C. albicans biofilms were considered in the presence of farnesol (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), lyticase (from Arthrobacter luteus; Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), and farnesol–lyticase. Results: This study shows that both farnesol and lyticase possess antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilms. A significant difference among treatment groups (p<0.05) was observed from strong biofilm production to medium and weak. Conclusion: Many studies have been devoted to the antimicrobial action of farnesol. Bacterial enzyme lyticase is also used to degrade fungal cell walls. Both molecules show substantial antifungal properties that are similar to the properties of modern antimycotics. The current study demonstrates that farnesol and lyticase can disrupt biofilm formation in C. albicans ATCC 2091, which is an effective biofilm producer.

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“…Farnesol, a first quorum sensing (QS) molecule identified in eukaryotic microorganisms (6), play an important role in an array of biological functions such as virulence, biofilm formation, and competence (7). Numerous studies have reported the effect of farnesol on C. albicans growth and pathogenesis (8-10). In C. albicans , farnesol inhibits the dimorphism (6) that prevent its establishment in different environmental conditions (11), it has antioxidant effects (12) and it inhibits transporters (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrogation of pathogenic attributes in drug resistantCandida aurisstrains by farnesol

Srivastava

Ahmad

2019

Preprint

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AbstractCandida auris, a decade old Candida species, has been identified globally as a significant nosocomial multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogen responsible for causing invasive outbreaks. Biofilms and overexpression of efflux pumps such as Major Facilitator Superfamily and ATP Binding Cassette are known to cause multidrug resistance in Candida species, including C. auris. Therefore, targeting these factors may prove an effective approach to combat MDR in C. auris. In this study, 25 clinical isolates of C. auris from different hospitals of South Africa were used. All the isolates were found capable enough to form biofilms on 96-well microtiter plate that was further confirmed by MTT reduction assay. In addition, these strains have active drug efflux mechanism which was supported by rhodamine-6-G extracellular efflux and intracellular accumulation assays. Antifungal susceptibility profile of all the isolates against commonly used drugs was determined following CLSI recommended guidelines. We further studied the role of farnesol, an endogenous quorum sensing molecule, in modulating development of biofilms and drug efflux in C. auris. The MIC for planktonic cells ranged from 62.5-125 mM and for sessile cells was 125 mM (0 h and 4 h biofilm) and 500 mM (12 h and 24 h biofilm). Farnesol inhibited biofilm formation, blocked efflux pumps and downregulated biofilm- and efflux pump-associated genes. Modulation of C. auris biofilm formation and efflux pump activity by farnesol represent a promising approach for controlling life threatening infections caused by this pathogen.

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Farnesol inhibits translation to limit growth and filamentation in C. albicans and S. cerevisiae

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

Clinical strains of Lactobacillus reduce the filamentation of Candida albicans and protect Galleria mellonella against experimental candidiasis

Clinical strains of Lactobacillus reduce the filamentation of Candida albicans and protect Galleria mellonella against experimental candidiasis

Effects of farnesol and lyticase on the formation of Candida albicans biofilm

Abrogation of pathogenic attributes in drug resistantCandida aurisstrains by farnesol

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