Purpose: Alteration of the FAS/FAS ligand (FASLG) pathway regulating cell death may lead to cancer development, but the effects of functional promoter polymorphisms of the FAS and FASLG genes on risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) are unknown. Design: We genotyped the FAS À1377 G>A, FAS À670 A>G, FASLG À844 C>T, and FASLG IVS2nt À124 A>G polymorphisms in 721case patients with SCCHN and 1,234 cancer-free nonĤ ispanic White control subjects frequency-matched by age and sex. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Compared with the FAS À1377 GG and À670 AA genotypes, the FAS À1377 AA and À670 (GG + AG) genotypes were associated with an increased risk of SCCHN (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.07-4.64 and OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.52, respectively), whereas no risk of SCCHN was associated with any of the FASLG genotypes. When we used the combined FAS À1377 (GG + AG)/ À670 AA genotypes as the reference, we found that the individuals carrying the FAS À1377 AA/ À670 (GG + AG) had the highest risk (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.24-5.83), whereas individuals carrying genotypes other than FAS À1377 (GG + AG)/À670 AA had a higher risk of SCCHN (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.52). Furthermore, the elevated risk was particularly evident for pharyngeal cancer with the larger tumors without regional lymph metastasis (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.07-2.94). Conclusions:The FAS (but not FASLG) polymorphisms seem to contribute to risk of developing SCCHN, particularly the pharyngeal cancer in non^HispanicWhites. However, potential selection bias warrants future population-based studies to verify the findings.