Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan gene family in Nicotiana benthamiana: genome-wide identification, classification and expression in response to pathogens

Abstract

Background: Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used as a model plant to study plant-pathogen interactions. Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), participate in mediating plant growth, development and response to abiotic stress. However, the members of FLAs in N. benthamiana and their response to plant pathogens are unknown. Results: 38 NbFLAs were identified from a genome-wide study. NbFLAs could be divided into four subclasses, and their gene structure and motif composition were conserved in each subclass. NbFLAs may be regulated by cis-acting elements such as STRE and MBS, and may be the targets of transcription factors like C2H2. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that selected NbFLAs were differentially expressed in different tissues. All of the selected NbFLAs were significantly downregulated following infection by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and most of them also by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000), suggesting possible roles in response to pathogenic infection. Conclusions: This study systematically identified FLAs in N. benthamiana, and indicates their potential roles in response to biotic stress. The identification of NbFLAs will facilitate further studies of their role in plant immunity in N. benthamiana.

Early events of the endophytic symbiotic betweenOryza sativaandNostoc punctiformeinvolve the SYM pathway

“…As in the case of Oryza -AM symbiosis, the plant activates expression of three FLAs (Gutjahr et al, 2015). FLAs are cell wall structural glycoproteins that play a crucial role in plant development, cell adhesion and signalling (Seifert, 2018; Wu et al, 2020; Ma and Zhao, 2010). Induction of FLA proteins in response to Nostoc might positively influencing accommodation of the cyanobacterium and its interaction with the plant at early stages of the symbiotic process.…”

“…As in the case of Oryza-AM symbiosis, the plant activates expression of three FLAs (Gutjahr et al, 2015). FLAs are cell wall structural glycoproteins that play a crucial role in plant development, cell adhesion and signalling (Seifert, 2018;Wu et al, 2020;Ma and Zhao, 2010).…”

Genome-Wide Identification Reveals That Nicotiana benthamiana Hypersensitive Response (HR)-Like Lesion Inducing Protein 4 (NbHRLI4) Mediates Cell Death and Salicylic Acid-Dependent Defense Responses to Turnip Mosaic Virus

“…The genome-wide identification was conducted by two round Blast against AtHRLI protein sequences with the N. benthamiana genome v1.0.1 ( Bombarely et al, 2012 ) by TBtools as previously described ( Chen C. et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). We constructed a neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree of NbHRLIs with 1,000 bootstrap replicates using MEGA7.0.…”

Genome-wide identification and analysis of Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like kinases in Nicotiana benthamiana

“…Plant growth conditions were as described previously [ 46 ]. The concentration of TuMV, PMMoV agrobacterium solution was adjusted to OD 600 = 0.1, and the concentration of PVX agrobacterium solution was adjusted to OD 600 = 1 × 10 − 4 .…”

“…Pst DC3000 was cultured on King’s B medium at 28 °C for 2 days. The concentration of Pst DC3000 suspension was adjusted to OD 600 = 1 × 10 − 5 to infiltrate the leaves, and the leaves injected with 10 mM MgCl 2 were used as a blank control [ 46 ]. 1 μm flg22 and 200 μg/mL chitin dissolved in deionized water, containing 0.01% Silwet L-77, were evenly sprayed on the fully extended N. benthamiana leaves, and the leaves only sprayed with deionized water were used as controls.…”