Fast and automated monitoring of gadolinium-based contrast agents in surface waters

Macke, Marcel; Quarles, C. Derrick; Sperling, Michael; Kärst, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117836

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A further development has been the application of fully automated Ion Chromatography separation followed by ICP-MS which allows for high-throughput screening of surface water samples. The analysis of surface water samples was suitable for five complexes (Gd-HP-DO3A, Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DOTA, Gd- DTPA, and Gd-BOPTA) commonly administered in the EU [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of strategies to reduce the contamination of the water environment by gadolinium-based contrast agents

Dekker,

Stroomberg,

Van der Molen

et al. 2024

Insights Imaging

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Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) are essential for diagnostic MRI examinations. GBCA are only used in small quantities on a per-patient basis; however, the acquisition of contrast-enhanced MRI examinations worldwide results in the use of many thousands of litres of GBCA per year. Data shows that these GBCA are present in sewage water, surface water, and drinking water in many regions of the world. Therefore, there is growing concern regarding the environmental impact of GBCA because of their ubiquitous presence in the aquatic environment. To address the problem of GBCA in the water system as a whole, collaboration is necessary between all stakeholders, including the producers of GBCA, medical professionals and importantly, the consumers of drinking water, i.e. the patients. This paper aims to make healthcare professionals aware of the opportunity to take the lead in making informed decisions about the use of GBCA and provides an overview of the different options for action.In this paper, we first provide a summary on the metabolism and clinical use of GBCA, then the environmental fate and observations of GBCA, followed by measures to reduce the use of GBCA. The environmental impact of GBCA can be reduced by (1) measures focusing on the application of GBCA by means of weight-based contrast volume reduction, GBCA with higher relaxivity per mmol of Gd, contrast-enhancing sequences, and post-processing; and (2) measures that reduce the waste of GBCA, including the use of bulk packaging and collecting residues of GBCA at the point of application.Critical relevance statement This review aims to make healthcare professionals aware of the environmental impact of GBCA and the opportunity for them to take the lead in making informed decisions about GBCA use and the different options to reduce its environmental burden.Key points• Gadolinium-based contrast agents are found in sources of drinking water and constitute an environmental risk.• Radiologists have a wide spectrum of options to reduce GBCA use without compromising diagnostic quality.• Radiology can become more sustainable by adopting such measures in clinical practice. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of strategies to reduce the contamination of the water environment by gadolinium-based contrast agents

Dekker,

Stroomberg,

Van der Molen

et al. 2024

Insights Imaging

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“…We propose that if the Gd anth concentration surpasses the natural Gd geo background by at least one order of magnitude, a separation of natural and anthropogenic Gd sources is no longer required in order to use Gd as a simple marker in hydrogeology. This eliminates the need to measure other or all REE [ 11 , 20 ]. Moreover, since ICP results in the complete ionization of pharmaceutical Gd complexes, the time-consuming sample preparation (H 2 O 2 , exposure to UV-C light) needed for chromatographic pre-concentration is eliminated as well ( Fig.…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the following we discuss two existing methods to determine Gd complexes [20] and Gd anth [11] , propose a novel method for the rapid determination of Gd total , and suggest guidelines for selecting the appropriate analytics in the use of Gd as a wastewater tracer in hydrogeology. These findings will be key to facilitate the use of Gd for investigating riverbank filtration systems and identifying wastewater inputs in surface-groundwater systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical strategies to measure gadolinium as a wastewater marker in surface and groundwater systems

2023

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“…Accuracy was verified by spike recoveries from real samples and by analysis of the Chinese RMs GBW08602 (Cd in water), GBW08603 (Hg in water) and GBW08601 (Pb in water). The separation and quantification of 5 Gd MRI contrast agents by IC-ICP-MS used 72 the PrepFast sample introduction system fitted with a proprietary polymer-based IC column functionalised with quaternary ammonium alkyl groups. Complete separation in less than 2 min was achieved with a gradient of ammonium nitrate buffers at pH 9.2.…”

Section: Water Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

Bacon

Butler

Cairns

et al. 2023

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Fast and automated monitoring of gadolinium-based contrast agents in surface waters

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Review of strategies to reduce the contamination of the water environment by gadolinium-based contrast agents

Review of strategies to reduce the contamination of the water environment by gadolinium-based contrast agents

Analytical strategies to measure gadolinium as a wastewater marker in surface and groundwater systems

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

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