“…DL has been widely investigated over wired/nonheterogeneous computing and communication environments [8], [9], [10], [11]. Recently, researchers have turned their attention to deploying DL models for training on nodes or learners connected via the wireless edge [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]. DL over the wireless edge, or mobile edge learning (MEL) as we term it, is motivated by two distinct yet practical scenarios: federated learning (FL) and parallelized learning (PL).…”