“…Although ultracentrifugation (UC) is the gold standard for EV isolation, it is labour‐intensive, time‐consuming and can potentially damage EVs due to high g forces used during separation (Jeppesen et al., 2014 ). To address these limitations, various technologies based on size, affinity, nanomaterials, fluid chips and polymers have been developed for efficient EV separation (Contreras‐Naranjo et al., 2017 ; Dao et al., 2022 ; Deregibus et al., 2016 ; Kang et al., 2022 , Kim & Shin, 2021 ; Kim et al., 2020 ; Pammi Guru et al., 2022 ). For instance, the methodology of protamine‐based EV isolation has been previously described in our previous studies (Kim & Shin, 2021 ; Kim et al., 2020 ) and others (Deregibus et al., 2016 ).…”