Fast and durable anodes for sodium-/potassium-ion hybrid capacitors: tailoring self-adaptive nanocages inside hybrid fibers with high alignment

Abstract

Metal-ion hybrid capacitors (MIHCs) have received growing interests because they combine the merits of both batteries and capacitors. However, their applications are impeded by the sluggish kinetics and poor structure...

Carbon-based flexible electrodes for electrochemical potassium storage

“…Central hollow carbon fiber/Coin cell 85.6% capacity retention@2.0 A g −1 /3500 cycles 127 W h kg −1 @8400 W kg −1 S, N-co-doped kinked CNFs [102] 3.0 M KFSI DME 0.01-3.0 V 330 mA h g −1 @1.0 A g −1 /2000 cycles 270 mA h g −1 @2.0 A g −1 Activated carbon/Pouch cell 0.1-4.0 V 88% capacity 77 mA h g −1 @5.0 A g −1 retention@10. 0 A g −1 /4000 cycles Porous carbon tubes [103] 1.0 M KPF6 EC/DEC (1:1) 0.01-3.0 V 300 mA h g −1 @0.05 A g −1 /100 cycles 239.6 mA h g −1 @0.2 A g −1 /500 cycles 170.6 mA h g −1 @1.0 A g −1 /1200 cycles 137.8 mA h g −1 @2.0 A g −1 Porous carbon tubes/Coin cell 0.01-4.0 V 37 mA h g −1 (51 W h kg −1 )@1.0 A g −1 /1500 cycles 36.8 mA h g −1 @3.0 A g −1 1D K2Ti6O13/3D porous carbon framework [104] 0.8 M KPF6 EC/DEC (1:1) 60% capacity retention@1.0 A g −1 /1000 cycles 45 mA h g −1 @2.0 A g −1 Activated carbon/Coin cell 0.1-3.5 V 60% capacity retention@1.0 A g −1 /1000 cycles Activated carbon-MXene-CNF/Fibershaped cell 0.1-3.5 V 64.3% capacity retention@0.1 A cm −3 /2000 cycles 12.1 μW h cm −3 @2.0 A g −1 1.9 mW h cm −3 @2.0 A g −1 Tissue-derived carbon microbelt paper [15] 0.8 M KPF6 EC/DEC (1:1) 0.01-3.0 V 246 mA h g −1 @0.1 A g −1 /400 cycles 174 mA h g −1 @1.0 A g −1 /750 cycles 112 mA h g −1 @2.0 A g −1 Activated carbon/Pouch cell 2.5-4.5 V 90% capacitance retention@20 mV s −1 /1000 cycles 112 W h kg −1 @17500 W kg −1 Aligned hybrid fibers filled with FeSe2@C [105] Hierarchical fibers/Coin cell 66 W h kg −1 @20000 W kg −1 Bead-like coalderived carbon [106] 1.0 M KPF6 in EC/DMC/E MC (1:1:1) 0.01-3.0 V 204.9 mA h g −1 @0.2 A g −1 /100 cycles 131.4 mA h g −1 @1.0 A g −1 /2000 cycles 104.5 mA h g −1 @5.0 A g −1 Activated carbon/Coin cell 0.5-4.0 V 52 W h kg −1 @5 A g −1 /1000 cycles 52 W h kg −1 @2187 W kg −1…”

Recent Developments and Future Prospects of Transition Metal Compounds as Electrode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 86 ] Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. h) Scheme of the N–C doping and the light assisted charging strategy with respect to the potassium storage mechanism.…”

“…g) Long-term cycling properties of the fabricated PIHC under outside deformation. Reproduced with permission [86]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Dimensional engineering of anode materials for high performance potassium ion hybrid capacitor—A review

“…1D nanowires have been widely used in flexible and lightweight micro supercapacitors because of their soft structure of fiber wires, and this kind of device is a research hotspot of the next generation of portable electronic devices 68 . In addition, because of the above characteristics, the interworking network of crosslinked tangles can be prepared by certain preparation methods to be used in high performance flexible PIHCs 34 .…”

“…[65][66][67] 2.2.2 | High performance nanowires 1D anode materials 1D nanowires have been widely used in flexible and lightweight micro supercapacitors because of their soft structure of fiber wires, and this kind of device is a research hotspot of the next generation of portable electronic devices. 68 In addition, because of the above characteristics, the interworking network of crosslinked tangles can be prepared by certain preparation methods to be used in high performance flexible PIHCs. 34 (eg, the porous structure [30% porosity] increased by 192% at the micro-level, and show 88% capacity retention after 4000 cycles) 48 Naderi et al used carbon fiber (CF) as a flexible micro-sized substrate for growth of the electrode materials.…”