Fast and specific: insights into the acquisition and generalization of motor acuity

Gonda, Shahar; Rabani, Anat Shkedy; Horesh, Naama; Shmuelof, Lior

doi:10.1152/jn.00558.2018

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We used a modified motor skill learning task(Shmuelof et al ., 2012; Shmuelof et al ., 2014; Gonda et al ., 2019) to assess paretic motor control (Fig. 2A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal projections benefit motor behaviors in chronic stroke

Taga,

Hong,

Charalambous

et al. 2024

Preprint

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After corticospinal tract (CST) stroke, several motor deficits in the upper extremity (UE) emerge, including diminished muscle strength, motor control, and muscle individuation. Both the ipsilesional CST and contralesional corticoreticulospinal tract (CReST) innervate the paretic UE and may have different innervation patterns for the proximal and distal UE segments. These patterns may underpin distinct pathway relationships to separable motor behaviors. In this cross-sectional study of 15 chronic stroke patients and 28 healthy subjects, we examined two key questions: (1) whether segmental motor behaviors differentially relate to ipsilesional CST and contralesional CReST projection strengths, and (2) whether motor behaviors segmentally differ in the paretic UE. We measured strength, motor control, and muscle individuation in a proximal (biceps, BIC) and distal muscle (first dorsal interosseous, FDI) of the paretic UE. We measured the projection strengths of the ipsilesional CST and contralesional CReST to these muscles using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Stroke subjects had abnormal motor control and muscle individuation despite strength comparable to healthy subjects. In stroke subjects, stronger ipsilesional CST projections were linked to superior motor control in both UE segments, whereas stronger contralesional CReST projections were linked to superior muscle strength and individuation in both UE segments. Notably, both pathways also shared associations with behaviors in the proximal segment. Motor control deficits were segmentally comparable, but muscle individuation was worse for distal motor performance. These results suggest that each pathway has specialized contributions to chronic motor behaviors but also work together, with varying levels of success in supporting chronic deficits.Key points summaryIndividuals with chronic stroke typically have deficits in strength, motor control, and muscle individuation in their paretic upper extremity (UE). It remains unclear how these altered behaviors relate to descending motor pathways and whether they differ by proximal and distal UE segment.In this study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine projection strengths of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) and contralesional corticoreticulospinal tract (CReST) with respect to quantitated motor behaviors in chronic stroke.We found that stronger ipsilesional CST projections were associated with better motor control in both UE segments, whereas stronger contralesional CReST projections were associated with better strength and individuation in both UE segments. In addition, projections of both pathways shared associations with motor behaviors in the proximal UE segment.We also found that deficits in strength and motor control were comparable across UE segments, but muscle individuation was worse with controlled movement in the distal UE segment.These results suggest that the CST and CReST have specialized contributions to chronic motor behaviors and also work together, although with different degrees of efficacy.

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“…We used a modified motor skill learning task(Shmuelof et al ., 2012; Shmuelof et al ., 2014; Gonda et al ., 2019) to assess paretic motor control (Fig. 2A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal projections benefit motor behaviors in chronic stroke

Taga,

Hong,

Charalambous

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tunneling task. The tunnelling task is a visuomotor task that is used to assess motor acuity (Gonda et al, 2019) and goal-directed movements (McGrath & Kantak, 2016). The track used in this task has been adapted from McGrath and Kantak (2016) and Mirdamadi and Block ( 2020).…”

Section: Cognitive-motor Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use: Does being High Affect Cognitive-Motor Task Performance?

Kolpashnikova,

Al-Bayati,

Clayton

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Given the rise of the legalization of recreational use of cannabis across countries and regions, many questions have been brought forward regarding its effects on daily tasks. To investigate the effect of frequent and acute cannabis-use on various cognitive and motor functions on legal users, we ran over 800 participants (25% of which reported using cannabis) on a browser-based battery of well-established cognitive and motor tasks. These tasks were chosen to assess a broad range of cognitive and motor processes, like working memory, attention, motor acuity, and executive function, that are important to daily function. We found that, overall, acute cannabis use did not lead to any impairments in these processes compared to non-users. Our large-sample study suggests that acute cannabis use poses limited to no detriment to mental and motor function.

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“…Recently, it has been argued that new coordinated control skills cannot be learned by adapting existing controllers (Haith et al, 2022;Yang et al, 2021Yang et al, , 2022Gastrock et al, 2023;Gonda et al, 2019;Shmuelof et al, 2012), and that new controllers must instead be developed in a process termed de novo learning (literally, "learning anew") (Krakauer et al, 2019). An important though easily overlooked question for this class of learning is how it balances reuse of existing learning with acquisition of new learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Sensorimotor Learning Through Reuse of Movement Components

Gabriel,

Mushtaq,

Morehead

2024

Preprint

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Recent theories of sensorimotor control propose that complex movements are constructed by combining simpler output-generating neural processes. Composing together reusable elements allows a rich variety of movements to be generated using a limited set of neural representations, but it may also impose limits on how new sensorimotor skills can be learned. If skill learning requires modification of existing compositional units, then other skills using the same components may be harmed when the new one is learned. Alternatively, if new skills simply reuse existing units, the repertoire of available units may impose limits on what skills can be learned. In this study, we used a myoelectric interface to explore whether learning a novel coordinated control task requires modification of the existing repertoire of output-generating components. Over five sessions on five consecutive days, participants learned to trace a series of trajectories using a computer cursor controlled by coordinated activation of two muscles. The timing of the generated cursor trajectory and its shape relative to the target improved for conditions trained with post-trial visual feedback. Improvements in timing transferred to all untrained conditions, but improvements in shape transferred only to untrained conditions requiring the trained order of muscle activation. Notably, all muscle outputs in the final session could already be generated during the first session. These results suggest that participants learned the new task by independently improving the selection and timing of existing output-generating components. This tendency toward reuse may help to protect existing skills from interference during learning of new skills.Significance StatementComplex movements may be generated by selecting and combining elements from a repertoire of movement-generating neural processes. It remains unclear if these processes are reused or modified when learning entirely new motor skills. In this study, we used a novel human-computer interface task to test this. Over five sessions, participants learned to trace a series of cursor trajectories by coordinating the activation of two muscles. We found that participants tended to reuse the same muscle contractions for different variants of the task, and that performance improvements were attributable to improvements in the choice and timing of muscle contractions. Our results demonstrate that learning of new complex movements does not necessarily require changes to the neural motor repertoire.

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Fast and specific: insights into the acquisition and generalization of motor acuity

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal projections benefit motor behaviors in chronic stroke

Corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal projections benefit motor behaviors in chronic stroke

Cannabis Use: Does being High Affect Cognitive-Motor Task Performance?

De Novo Sensorimotor Learning Through Reuse of Movement Components

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