Fast Anion-Exchange in Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX<sub>3</sub>, X = Cl, Br, I)

Nedelcu, Georgian; Proteşescu, Loredana; Yakunin, Sergii; Bodnarchuk, Maryna I.; Grotevent, Matthias J.; Kovalenko, Maksym V.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02404

Cited by 2,107 publications

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“…The size dependence at low temperature triggered works by Nedelcu et al and Akkerman et al in which the halide ratios were adjusted; they found a fast anion and inter-nanocrystal anion exchange in cesium lead halide perovskite CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) at room temperature, which led to continuous formation of homogeneous CsPb(Cl/Br) 3 or CsPb(Br/I) 3 compositions. [64] With proper adjustment of the halide ratios, the tunable photoluminescence was observed over the visible regime 410-700 nm without sacrificing high quantum yields from 20-80%. Inspired by these works, Swarnkar et al further demonstrated CsPbBr 3 colloidal NPs based on the methods discussed above.…”

Section: D Perovskite: Quantum Dots (Qds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[142] Halide exchange has been adopted to create mixed halide perovskites with tunable PL wavelengths that cover the entire visible spectrum. [64,89,143] The rapid ion exchange reactions allude to facile ion migration in PSCs, but the identity and circumstances for ion conduction have remained uncertain because of the reversible processes and the lack of spatial distribution of the elemental composition in operation. Fortunately, a series of theoretical and experimental investigations have unequivocally established that halide, ammonium, and perhaps even proton migration (transiently) deteriorate the perovskite optoelectronic properties.…”

Section: Ion Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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ruthenium molecular dye, wide absorption range, direct and tunable bandgaps, superior charge carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. [6,[43][44][45] Although it has been synthesized for over 100 years, Mitzi et al. were the first to investigate the electrical properties of tin-based perovskite in 1994, [46] which was later used in numerous devices, including field effect transistors (FETs) and LEDs. [47][48][49] The attention toward metal halide perovskites sparked yet again in 2009, [42] and they were later named one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016. In brief, metal halide perovskites can be divided into two types based on their crystal structure motif: (i) 3D-structured perovskite (AMX 3 ) and (ii) 2D-structured perovskite (A 2 MX 4 ). The structure of the perovskite could either be 2D or 3D, while the dimensions of the perovskite probably belong to 0D-3D. The term "perovskite" implies to the general class of materials derived from an elemental composition of AMX 3 and demonstrates the crystal structure of perovskite crystal CaTiO 3 , where the divalent metal M resides at the body center and surrounded by six X-anions located at the face centers in an octahedral cluster. The MX 6 in the octahedral cluster may form an extended 3D structure by all-corner-connected type with A-cation sitting at the center. It could also form a 2D perovskite when the 3D perovskite network is cut into one-layer-thick slices along the 〈100〉 direction and separates them apart. In principle, 2D perovskite is the easiest to synthesize because of its natural layered structure, which is held together by weak van der Waals forces. Dou et al. reported the large-scale synthesis of the monolayer (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 -PbBr 4 by a chemical method. [50] Along the same lines, several groups have prepared and characterized nanomaterials composed of various forms of perovskites. [51][52][53] Also, our group has recently successfully prepared a low-dimensional mixed 2D/3D perovskite using the protonated salt of amino valeric acid iodide (AVAI) as an organic precursor mixed with PbI 2 , in which a yellowish film was containing needle-like crystallite formed. [54] In this topical review, we present the latest advances in the synthesis of low-dimensional perovskites and the growth mechanism to develop a strategy to achieve best performing devices. Later, we focus the instability and a cost-effective solution to circumvent this problem, which is vital for the eventual deployment of perovskite solar cells to consumers market. We present an analysis of the origins for instability in perovskite solar cells, and present a summary of the main achievements and possible future developments of these low-dimensional perovskite. [2,55] Perovskite solar cells have been heralded as one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016 because of the very high power conversion efficiency of 22% and the low cost of generating electricity compared to even fossil fuels. These are formed with various dimensionalities and can be fully mani...

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Section: D Perovskite: Quantum Dots (Qds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…4A, Inset), indicating effective waveguiding and coherent emission from the nanowire. Halide alloying may be pursued in the future to achieve broad wavelength tunability as observed in CsPbX 3 quantum dots and CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 materials (20,41). In addition to nanowires, well-faceted CsPbBr 3 nanoplates were found to lase at ∼38 μJ cm −2 with the power-dependent emission spectra shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires

Eaton

Lai

Gibson

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

727

723

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The rapidly growing field of nanoscale lasers can be advanced through the discovery of new, tunable light sources. The emission wavelength tunability demonstrated in perovskite materials is an attractive property for nanoscale lasers. Whereas organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials are known for their instability, cesium lead halides offer a robust alternative without sacrificing emission tunability or ease of synthesis. Here, we report the low-temperature, solution-phase growth of cesium lead halide nanowires exhibiting low-threshold lasing and high stability. The as-grown nanowires are single crystalline with well-formed facets, and act as high-quality laser cavities. The nanowires display excellent stability while stored and handled under ambient conditions over the course of weeks. Upon optical excitation, Fabry-Pérot lasing occurs in CsPbBr 3 nanowires with an onset of 5 μJ cm −2 with the nanowire cavity displaying a maximum quality factor of 1,009 ± 5. Lasing under constant, pulsed excitation can be maintained for over 1 h, the equivalent of 10 9 excitation cycles, and lasing persists upon exposure to ambient atmosphere. Wavelength tunability in the green and blue regions of the spectrum in conjunction with excellent stability makes these nanowire lasers attractive for device fabrication.nanowire | perovskite | laser | inorganic | stability M iniaturized light sources hold great promise for advancing the field of optoelectronics. The development of highly stable, wavelength-tunable light sources on the nanoscale can unlock the potential for commercial applications in optical communications (1, 2), sensing (3), imaging (4), and data storage (5), among many others. Nanowire lasers represent one promising approach toward miniaturized light sources. Acting both as the laser cavity and gain medium (6), nanowires may be easily incorporated into optoelectronic circuits based on their size as well as recent advances in electrical pumping (7-10). A wide range of nanowire lasers has been reported consisting of a multitude of compositions including many II-VI and III-V semiconductors (11). Unfortunately, fabrication of many of these nanowires requires expensive hightemperature or low-pressure conditions. Additionally, whereas most are stable under ambient conditions, only a few of these materials have demonstrated broad wavelength tunability. The recent discovery of the favorable properties of methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite materials has triggered a paradigm shift in what is possible in optoelectronics. Stoichiometric wavelength tunability, low trap state density, solution-phase processability, as well as excellent light absorption and emission, make these materials well suited to applications in solar cells (12-15), light-emitting diodes (16, 17), photodetectors (18, 19), and lasers (20)(21)(22).Recently, Zhu et al. reported low lasing thresholds and recordbreaking quality factors for methyl ammonium lead halide (CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 , X = I, Br, Cl) nanowire lasers as well as excellent wavelength tuna...

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“…Dialectically, the fast anion exchange reaction between different halide NCs has caused issues in broadening emission spectra and chromaticity drifts while using this great concept for color tuning 4. Recently, some examples have been demonstrated to resolve this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum‐Doped Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Stable Blue Photoluminescence Used for Display Backlight

et al. 2017

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Bright and stable blue emitters with narrow full‐width at half‐maxima are particularly desirable for applications in television displays and related technologies. Here, this study shows that doping aluminum (Al3+) ion into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) using AlBr3 can afford lead‐halide perovskites NCs with stable blue photoluminescence. First, theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the extended band gap and quantum confinement effect of elongated shape give rise to the desirable blueshifted emission. Second, the aluminum ion incorporation path is rationalized qualitatively by invoking fundamental considerations about binding relations in AlBr3 and its dimer. Finally, the absence of anion‐exchange effect is corroborated when green CsPbBr3 and blue Al:CsPbBr3 NCs are mixed. Combinations of the above two NCs with red‐emitting CdSe@ZnS NCs result in UV‐pumped white light‐emitting diodes (LED) with an National Television System Committee (NTSC) value of 116% and ITU‐R Recommendation B.T. 2020 (Rec. 2020) of 87%. The color coordinates of the white LED are optimized at (0.32, 0.34) in CIE 1931. The results suggest that low‐cost, earth‐abundant, solution‐processable Al‐doped perovskite NCs can be promising candidate materials for blue down‐conversion layer in backlit displays.

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Fast Anion-Exchange in Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX₃, X = Cl, Br, I)

Cited by 2,107 publications

References 53 publications

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires

Aluminum‐Doped Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Stable Blue Photoluminescence Used for Display Backlight

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Fast Anion-Exchange in Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I)

Cited by 2,107 publications

References 53 publications

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Lasing in robust cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires

Aluminum‐Doped Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Stable Blue Photoluminescence Used for Display Backlight

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Product

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Fast Anion-Exchange in Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX₃, X = Cl, Br, I)