“…However, in some practical engineering systems, there exist unknown cost functions, constraints and other parameters in games, such as unknown price functions in energy markets [34], the power function without explicit aerodynamic interactions in the wind turbine [35], unknown traffic demands/constraints in the network routing [36], and unknown position information and/or environmental conditions in mobile sensor networks [2]. To deal with such situations, an adaptive and real-time method, called extremum seeking control (ESC) [46], [39], [37], [38], was introduced in distributed seeking algorithms [2], [3], [31], [33]. In this paper, we explore how to steer agents to update their strategies adaptively to GNE under the conditions of unknown cost functions and local constraints.…”