Fast decay solid-state scintillators for high-speed x-ray imaging

Faderl, Norbert

doi:10.1117/12.2532017

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The LED is designed to detect low-energy X-rays; hence, the Gadox scintillator was selected because it could be easily fabricated into a thin screen structure [7]. On the other hand, because the HED is used to detect high-energy X-rays, a CsI(Tl) scintillator was chosen due to its high density and high light yield [8]. The thickness of the LED and HED was 0.2 mm and 3.0 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Jinst 19 C01050mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

Park,

An,

Yoon

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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Transmission X-ray security scanners are deployed to detect smuggling of contraband articles, including weapons, narcotics, and explosives, for the purposes of homeland security. Current X-ray scanners use a fixed tube voltage (i.e., 160 kV); hence, they have a limitation in detecting thinly coated and/or low-density objects. To overcome this limitation, we are developing an X-ray scanner that applies variable tube voltage according to the physical/chemical properties of the object being inspected. To this end, in our previous study, Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking4) and MCNP (Monte Carlo N Particle) were performed to optimize the design of the X-ray scanner for variable tube voltages. The MCNP was used to simulate the radiation generator for the X-ray source term, and the Geant4 was used to optimize the design of the dual-energy detector and to obtain the detector counts. In the present study, we experimentally validated the reliability of the Monte Carlo simulation model for the X-ray scanner. An 241Am source and a radiation generator were employed in this validation. For the 241Am source, the dual-energy detector signal was measured at a distance of 1 cm from the detector. In the case of the radiation generator, the source-to-object distance and the source-to-detector distance were 70 cm and 120 cm, respectively, as used in a typical X-ray security scanner. The tube voltage and the current were 140 kV and 10 mA, respectively. To obtain the X-ray images, the object was scanned while moving at a speed of 0.2 m/s on a conveyor system. The X-ray source term used in the simulation was obtained by monoenergetic-electron-beam bombardment onto the target. 4-D simulations were performed for the moving object. To validate the simulation model, we compared the simulated and measured image profiles, as well as the pixel counts of the dual-energy detector. The percent differences between the simulated and measured pixel counts and the image profiles were all within 5%. Thus, we concluded that our simulation model for the X-ray scanner can be considered to be reliable.

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Section: Jinst 19 C01050mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

Park,

An,

Yoon

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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“…The detection of high-energy photons (X or γ) and particles (α, β, or neutrons), commonly referred to as ionizing radiation, is at the heart of many strategic applications in modern science and technology, including medical diagnostics , and therapy, , non-destructive industrial inspection, border and national security, , deep space exploration, and high-energy physics research . The key principle in all these applications is the conversion of all or part of the energy released by incident ionizing radiation into a target material, which can occur by various mechanisms such as Coulomb collisions, Compton scattering, photoelectric effect, and pair production, depending on the type and energy of the radiation (as schematically shown in Figure a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Advances in Perovskite Nanocrystals and Nanocomposites for Scintillation Applications

Anand,

Zaffalon,

Erroi

et al. 2024

ACS Energy Lett.

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In recent years, the field of radiation detection has witnessed a paradigm shift with the emergence of plastic scintillators incorporating perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). This innovative class of scintillators not only capitalizes on the superior luminescent properties of PNCs but also harnesses the flexibility and processability of polymers. This review explores the intricate landscape of synthesizing and fabricating scintillating PNCs and nanocomposites, delving into the methods employed in their production. From solution-based methods to innovative solid-state approaches, the synthesis of PNCs for scintillators application is explored comprehensively. Furthermore, embedding strategies within polymeric matrices are scrutinized, shedding light on the various techniques utilized to achieve optimal dispersion and compatibility. The evaluation of the final nanocomposites is finally discussed, with a particular emphasis on their scintillating performance and radiation hardness. Through a meticulous exploration of synthesis methodologies, embedding techniques, and performance assessments, this Review aims to provide a multilayered understanding of the state-of-the-art in PNC-based nanoscintillators.

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confidence: 99%

“…High-energy photons (X-rays and γ rays) have been proven to play indispensable roles in modern society due to their unique interactions with matter. A diverse range of applications based on ionizing radiation has been developed, including medical diagnosis, industrial nondestructive inspections, city and national security, , and deep space exploration. , Among these applications, the radiation detector is the most significant component, which transfers high-energy photons into readable signals. Presently, the most extensively applied radiation detector is based on the indirect model (Figure ), in which luminescent materials called scintillators first transform the radiation into visible light and then the bottom detector panel converts the visible photons into images.…”

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confidence: 99%

Are Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Promising Scintillators?

et al. 2023

ACS Energy Lett.

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Inspections based on ionizing radiation have spread into various areas including our daily lives, industries, and scientific investigations and now face increasing demands with the development of society. Commercial X-ray detectors are mostly based on an indirect operation model in which the scintillator transforms X-ray photons into visible light and bottom photodiodes convert them into images. Obviously, the performance of the scintillator determines the final imaging properties, and the pursuit of scintillators with superior properties and lower cost is ongoing. Recently, inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray imaging. Here, we make a detailed conclusion of the superiority of PNC scintillators and take a new look at their scintillation performances. Discrepancies are discussed and some suggestions are proposed. Finally, perspectives on future developments, advice to the field, and proposed solutions to the problems toward full device performance and practical applications are provided.

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Fast decay solid-state scintillators for high-speed x-ray imaging

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

Experimental validation of Monte Carlo simulation model for X-ray security scanner

Advances in Perovskite Nanocrystals and Nanocomposites for Scintillation Applications

Are Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Promising Scintillators?

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