Fast Decomposition in the Inorganic Azides

Chaudhri, M. Munawar; Field, J. E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5007-9_9

Energetic Materials 1977

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5007-9_9

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Fast Decomposition in the Inorganic Azides

M. Munawar Chaudhri¹,

J. E. Field²

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2012

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Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

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Coefficients of sliding friction of single crystals of high explosives under different rubbing conditions

Wu¹,

Chaudhri²

2012

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The coefficients of sliding friction of single crystals of commonly used high explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and beta-cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (β-HMX) under several rubbing configurations and at a relative sliding speed of 0.22 mm s−1 were measured. The sliding configurations were (1) crystal–polished steel pairs, (2) like-crystal pairs and (3) unlike-crystal pairs. For every rubbing configuration the friction force showed oscillations, which are thought to be caused by the formation and shearing of the adhesive junctions formed at the surface of the rubbing crystals. This shearing of the adhesive junctions led to the formation of microscopic and sub-microscopic particles, which were confirmed by an environmental scanning electron microscope study. For every rubbing configuration and for relatively high normal loads pressing the rubbing crystals together, the coefficient of friction was generally in the range 0.2–0.25 and it has been concluded that the coefficient of friction is controlled by the adhesion with almost negligible contribution from the ploughing component. From a knowledge of the coefficient of friction and the uniaxial yield stress values of single crystals of RDX and β-HMX, the shear strength of these crystals were determined to be ∼13.4 MPa and ∼16.8 MPa, respectively.

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Coefficients of sliding friction of single crystals of high explosives under different rubbing conditions

Wu¹,

Chaudhri²

2012

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The deformation and fracture of β-HMX

Palmer¹,

Field²

1982

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

104

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A study has been made of the mechanical deformation properties of β-HMX, an important secondary explosive. It is shown that under compressive loading twinning takes place on the (101)-plane. At low loads, this twinning is elastic and usually precedes fracture. Cleavage in β-HMX takes place on the {011}-planes. The fracture surface energy of 0.06 J m -2 has been determined by a micro-indentation technique. This compares with a value of 0.045 J m -2 obtained for the thermodynamic surface energy from contact-angle measurements. The values suggest that there is relatively little energy loss by plastic deformation associated with crack propagation in HMX compared with, for example, the secondary explosives PETN and RDX. Despite this brittleness the twin deformation allows β-HMX to undergo large changes of shape: the significance of this in plastic-bonded explosives is commented on.

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Fast Decomposition in the Inorganic Azides

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Coefficients of sliding friction of single crystals of high explosives under different rubbing conditions

Coefficients of sliding friction of single crystals of high explosives under different rubbing conditions

The deformation and fracture of β-HMX

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