Fast detection of fluoroacetamide in body fluid using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after solid-phase microextraction

Analysis of monofluoroacetic acid in urine by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and preparation of the positive sample by the bioconversion from monofluoroacetamide to monofluoroacetic acid in vitro

“…The linear range was 5-1000 ng mL −1 with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9993 calibrated with internal standard in sample matrix. The LOD was satisfied with the FAcOH content in urine as reported in the poisoning cases [11,15,22]. At the optimized conditions (0.2 mL of loading volume), the matrix effects were 86.7 ± 6.6% (n = 6) as listed in Table 3.…”

“…Besides, FAcOH was reported to be the metabolite and biomarker of monofluoroacetamide (FAcNH 2 , another rodenticide with high acute toxicity) in body [6]. The exposure for both rodenticides to humans or animals includes suicide, ingestion of contaminated food and criminal poisoning [6][7][8][9][10][11]. FAcOH and FAcNH 2 even can be a powerful tool for terrorist threat due to their colorlessness, tastelessness, easy accessibility and extremely toxicity.…”

Rodenticides

“…It is a GC/MS method after solid-phase microextraction (SPME), with acetamide as an internal standard (Cai et al, 2004).…”

Simultaneous determination of two acute poisoning rodenticides tetramine and fluoroacetamide with a coupled column in poisoning cases

“…Both can be powerful tools to cause chemical terror events due to their colorlessness, tastelessness, simple synthesis and extremely toxicity. Some acute poisoning cases involved in both ones were reported in USA, Hongkong and mostly, in China [1,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Vomitus (or stomach contents), blood, urine and the first time gastric lavage fluid should be sampled for the measurement of tetramine and fluoroacetamide.…”

“…Individual determination methods for each rodenticide have been reported in literatures [9][10][11]. Wu et al reported a simultaneous detection method with polyethylene glycol column FFAP and nitrogen-phosphorous detector [12].…”