Fast dynamic liquid level sensor based on liquid resistance

Zheng, Gan; Zong, Hongyan; Zhuan, Xiangtao; Luan, Jianguo

doi:10.1109/afrcon.2007.4401558

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Additionally, extracting knowledge from numerous KBs may enhance efficiency. Many literature applied VQA on remote sensing images [59,93]. [59] produced the 772 Images and 77,000 Questions and Answers in the new dataset RSVQA.…”

Section: Wordnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review and Open Challenges on Visual Question Answering Models

Shaik,

Koshti,

Gupta

et al. 2023

AiBi Revista de Investigación, Administración e Ingeniería

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Users are now able to actively interact with images and pose different questions based on images, thanks to recent developments in artificial intelligence. In turn, a response in a natural language answer is expected. The study discusses a variety of datasets that can be used to examine applications for visual question-answering (VQA), as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Four different forms of VQA models—simple joint embedding-based models, attention-based models, knowledge-incorporated models, and domain-specific VQA models—are in-depth examined in this article. We also critically assess the drawbacks and future possibilities of all current state-of-the-art (SoTa), end-to-end VQA models. Finally, we present the directions and guidelines for further development of the VQA models.

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Section: Wordnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review and Open Challenges on Visual Question Answering Models

Shaik,

Koshti,

Gupta

et al. 2023

AiBi Revista de Investigación, Administración e Ingeniería

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show abstract

“…Many examples of machine vision-based approaches in food and pharmaceutical industries can be found in [20,21]. However, there are other measurement techniques available like those based on resistive [22], inductive [23], load or pressure sensor [24,25], radar-based [26,27], capacitive [28], piezoelectric [29], ultrasonic [30][31][32], and fiber-optic transducers [33], as well as ones that are being experimentally tested from a scientific point of view like thermal cameras [34]. Many of these techniques have the disadvantage of being intrusive or having a discrete output (e.g., fiber-optic).…”

Section: Literature Review and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image-Based Sensor for Liquid Level Monitoring during Bottling with Application to Craft and Home-Brewing

Musić

Stančić

Džaja

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Although craft and home brewing have fueled the beer renaissance in the last decade, affordable, reliable, and simple sensing equipment for such breweries is limited. Thus, this manuscript is motivated by the improvement of the bottle-filling process in such settings with the objective of developing a liquid level sensor based on a novel application of the known optical phenomena of light refraction. Based on the different refraction indices of liquid and air (and critical angle based on Snell’s law), along with a novel LED light source positioning, a reliable liquid level sensor system was built with the aid of an embedded microcontroller. The used operating principle is general and can be used in applications other than the proposed one. The proposed method was extensively tested in a laboratory and limited production settings with a speed of 7 Hz using different liquids and container shapes. It was compared for accuracy to other sensing principles such as ultrasound, infrared, and time-of-flight. It demonstrated comparable or better performance with a height error ranging between −0.1534 mm in static conditions and 1.608 mm for realistic dynamic conditions and good repeatability on the production line with a 4.3 mm standard deviation of the mean.

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“…When control terminal is high, the NPN triode S8050 is in the saturated conduction state, then Vg=0V, so PMOS is in conduction state and supplies for the loads. When control terminal is low, NPN triode S8050 is in cut-off state, and Vg is equal to power input, thus the PMOS is in cut-off state and doesn't supply for the loads [8]. The 18-bit AD MCP3421 is adopted as AD converter.…”

Section: System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a High-Precision pH Sensor

Zheng

2013

AMM

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A high-precision pH sensor based on electrochemical principle is proposed in the paper. The principle of the sensor, the performance parameters of MCU, hardware architecture and experiment are introduced. The NEC microprocessor, which is low-power and high stability, is adopted as core processor. The three operational amplifiers same-phase parallel amplifying circuit not only matches the impendence of the pH combination electrode, but also eliminates the impact of wire resistance on pH measurement. The system's capacity of resisting disturbance is improved. Using 18-bit AD converter, which has programmable amplifier on chip, improves measurement accuracy. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the pH sensor. A full description of the pH sensor and implementation are presented.

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Fast dynamic liquid level sensor based on liquid resistance

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

A Comprehensive Review and Open Challenges on Visual Question Answering Models

A Comprehensive Review and Open Challenges on Visual Question Answering Models

Image-Based Sensor for Liquid Level Monitoring during Bottling with Application to Craft and Home-Brewing

Implementation of a High-Precision pH Sensor

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