“…The late Carboniferous-Permian is a period of largescale geodynamic reorganization, (i) with the final accretion of Pangea (Variscides/Mauretanides/ Alleghenides orogeneses) and the beginning of its breakup (NeoTethys opening) [e.g., Domeier and Torsvik, 2014, Scotese and Langford, 1995, Stampfli et al, 2013, coeval with (ii) the acme of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), constituting a turning point in From the end of the Carboniferous onwards, the over-thickened and hot Variscan crust collapsed [late-orogenic collapse; Burg et al, 1994, Faure, 1995, Ménard and Molnar, 1988, Van Den Driessche and Brun, 1992, triggering the rise of high-grade metamorphic domes along low-angle detachment faults, and the development of half-graben or pull-apart multi-directional intramountain coal basins [Costa and Rey, 1995, Gardien et al, 2022, Malavieille, 1993 164 Laurent Beccaletto and Sylvie Bourquin 2008a,b, Ménard and Molnar, 1988, Van Den Driessche and Brun, 1989.…”