“…Sample images of different vehicles are presented from PKU-VD dataset.are recently published methods in both categories. The 8 handcrafted feature based methods are: the 3d and color information (3DCI)Woesler (2003), the edge-map distances (EMD)Shan et al (2005), the 3d and piecewise model (3DPM)Guo et al (2008), the 3d pose and illumination model (3DPIM)Hou et al (2009), the attribute based model (ABM)Feris et al (2012), the multi-pose model (MPM)Zheng et al (2015), the bounding box model (BBM)Zapletal and (2016), and the license number plate (LNP)Watchar and (2017). The 12 deep feature methods are: the progressive vehicle re-identification (PROVID)Liu et al (2016c), the deep relative distance learning (DRDL)Liu et al (2016a), the deep color and texture (DCT)Liu et al (2016b), the orientation invariant model (OIM)Wang et al (2017), the visual spatio-temporal model (VSTM)Shen et al (2017), the cross-level vehicle recognition (CLVR)Kanacı et al (2017), the triplet-wise training (TWT)Zhang et al (2017), the feature fusing model (FFM)Tang et al (2017), the deep joint discriminative learning (DJDL)Li et al (2017b), the Null space based Fusion of Color and Attribute feature (NuFACT)Liu et al (2018), the multi-view feature (MVF)Zhou et al (2018), and the group sensitive triplet embedding (GSTE)Bai et al (2018).…”