Fast Hopping Frequency Generation in Digital CMOS

Farazian, Mohammad; Larson, L.E.; Gudem, Prasad S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0490-3

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, a phase-locked loop can track an input frequency, or it can generate a frequency that is a multiple of the input frequency. The former property is used for demodulation [27], and the latter property is used for indirect frequency synthesis [28]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-locked loop for precisely timed acoustic stimulation during sleep

Santostasi

Malkani

Riedner

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background A Brain-Computer Interface could potentially enhance the various benefits of sleep. New Method We describe a strategy for enhancing slow-wave sleep (SWS) by stimulating the sleeping brain with periodic acoustic stimuli that produce resonance in the form of enhanced slow-wave activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The system delivers each acoustic stimulus at a particular phase of an electrophysiological rhythm using a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). Results The PLL is computationally economical and well suited to follow and predict the temporal behavior of the EEG during slow-wave sleep. Comparison with Existing Methods Acoustic stimulation methods may be able to enhance SWS without the risks inherent in electrical stimulation or pharmacological methods. The PLL method differs from other acoustic stimulation methods that are based on detecting a single slow wave rather than modeling slow-wave activity over an extended period of time. Conclusions By providing real-time estimates of the phase of ongoing EEG oscillations, the PLL can rapidly adjust to physiological changes, thus opening up new possibilities to study brain dynamics during sleep. Future application of these methods hold promise for enhancing sleep quality and associated daytime behavior and improving physiologic function.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-locked loop for precisely timed acoustic stimulation during sleep

Santostasi

Malkani

Riedner

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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show abstract

“…It is shown in [19] that a super-harmonic injection-locked oscillator, to the Rth harmonic of its output frequency, behaves like a first-order PLL with an input phase to output phase transfer function of G(S) = 1 1+S/ω P where S = j ω and as shown in [1], ω P for the injection-locked oscillator of Fig. 4.8 is approximately…”

Section: Phase Noise Analysis Of Injection-locked Regenerative Dividermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4.1c. This frequency divider is primarily designed to obtain a division ratio of 2.25 to be used for frequency synthesis for Multiband OFDM UWB [1]. The injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) in the forward path of the frequency divider of Fig.…”

Section: Design Example Of a Divide-by-225/45mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (4.18) and (4.19) are also used to calculate V 1 1 and V 2 1 . If we represent the amplitudes of the fundamental harmonics of the first and second stage by V a1 and…”

Section: Injection-locked Two-stage Ring-oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some applications, fractional division ratios are required [1][2][3]. In addition, 50 % duty cycle quadrature output phases will allow the use of single-sideband (SSB) frequency conversion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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